release: 0.0.10

Signed-off-by: Ophestra Umiker <cat@ophivana.moe>

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Get dependencies
         run: >-
-          sudo apt-get update &&
+          apt-get update &&
-          sudo apt-get install -y
+          apt-get install -y
           gcc
           pkg-config
           libacl1-dev

.gitea/workflows/test.yml

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Get dependencies
         run: >-
-          sudo apt-get update &&
+          apt-get update &&
-          sudo apt-get install -y
+          apt-get install -y
           gcc
           pkg-config
           libacl1-dev

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 Fortify
 =======
 
-[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify)
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify)
 
-Lets you run graphical applications as another user ~~in an Android-like sandbox environment~~ (WIP) with a nice NixOS
+Lets you run graphical applications as another user in a confined environment with a nice NixOS
 module to configure target users and provide launchers and desktop files for your privileged user.
 
 Why would you want this?
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Why would you want this?
 
 - It protects applications from each other.
 
-- It provides UID isolation on top of ~~the standard application sandbox~~ (WIP).
+- It provides UID isolation on top of the standard application sandbox.
 
 There are a few different things to set up for this to work:
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ There are a few different things to set up for this to work:
 If you have a flakes-enabled nix environment, you can try out the tool by running:
 
 ```shell
-nix run git+https://git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify -- -h
+nix run git+https://git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify -- -h
 ```
 
 ## Module usage
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ To use the module, import it into your configuration with
     nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-24.05";
 
     fortify = {
-      url = "git+https://git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify";
+      url = "git+https://git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify";
 
       # Optional but recommended to limit the size of your system closure.
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";

acl/export.go

@@ -25,7 +25,25 @@ const (
 	Other        = C.ACL_OTHER
 )
 
-type Perm C.acl_perm_t
+type (
+	Perm  C.acl_perm_t
+	Perms []Perm
+)
+
+func (ps Perms) String() string {
+	var s = []byte("---")
+	for _, p := range ps {
+		switch p {
+		case Read:
+			s[0] = 'r'
+		case Write:
+			s[1] = 'w'
+		case Execute:
+			s[2] = 'x'
+		}
+	}
+	return string(s)
+}
 
 func UpdatePerm(path string, uid int, perms ...Perm) error {
 	// read acl from file

cmd/fsu/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+const (
+	fsuConfFile = "/etc/fsurc"
+	envShim     = "FORTIFY_SHIM"
+	envAID      = "FORTIFY_APP_ID"
+
+	fpPoison = "INVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALIDINVALID"
+)
+
+// FortifyPath is the path to fortify, set at compile time.
+var FortifyPath = fpPoison
+
+func main() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+	log.SetPrefix("fsu: ")
+	log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		log.Fatal("this program must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set")
+	}
+
+	puid := os.Getuid()
+	if puid == 0 {
+		log.Fatal("this program must not be started by root")
+	}
+
+	// validate compiled in fortify path
+	if FortifyPath == fpPoison || !path.IsAbs(FortifyPath) {
+		log.Fatal("invalid fortify path, this copy of fsu is not compiled correctly")
+	}
+
+	pexe := path.Join("/proc", strconv.Itoa(os.Getppid()), "exe")
+	if p, err := os.Readlink(pexe); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot read parent executable path: %v", err)
+	} else if strings.HasSuffix(p, " (deleted)") {
+		log.Fatal("fortify executable has been deleted")
+	} else if p != FortifyPath {
+		log.Fatal("this program must be started by fortify")
+	}
+
+	// uid = 1000000 +
+	//   fid * 10000 +
+	//           aid
+	uid := 1000000
+
+	// authenticate before accepting user input
+	if fid, ok := parseConfig(fsuConfFile, puid); !ok {
+		log.Fatalf("uid %d is not in the fsurc file", puid)
+	} else {
+		uid += fid * 10000
+	}
+
+	// pass through setup path to shim
+	var shimSetupPath string
+	if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(envShim); !ok {
+		log.Fatal("FORTIFY_SHIM not set")
+	} else if !path.IsAbs(s) {
+		log.Fatal("FORTIFY_SHIM is not absolute")
+	} else {
+		shimSetupPath = s
+	}
+
+	// allowed aid range 0 to 9999
+	if as, ok := os.LookupEnv(envAID); !ok {
+		log.Fatal("FORTIFY_APP_ID not set")
+	} else if aid, err := strconv.Atoi(as); err != nil || aid < 0 || aid > 9999 {
+		log.Fatal("invalid aid")
+	} else {
+		uid += aid
+	}
+
+	if err := syscall.Setresgid(uid, uid, uid); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set gid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Setresuid(uid, uid, uid); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot set uid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := syscall.Exec(FortifyPath, []string{"fortify", "shim"}, []string{envShim + "=" + shimSetupPath}); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("cannot start shim: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+func parseConfig(p string, puid int) (fid int, ok bool) {
+	// refuse to run if fsurc is not protected correctly
+	if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	} else if s.Mode().Perm() != 0400 {
+		log.Fatal("bad fsurc perm")
+	} else if st := s.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); st.Uid != 0 || st.Gid != 0 {
+		log.Fatal("fsurc must be owned by uid 0")
+	}
+
+	if r, err := os.Open(p); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+		return -1, false
+	} else {
+		s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+		var line int
+		for s.Scan() {
+			line++
+
+			// <puid> <fid>
+			lf := strings.SplitN(s.Text(), " ", 2)
+			if len(lf) != 2 {
+				log.Fatalf("invalid entry on line %d", line)
+			}
+
+			var puid0 int
+			if puid0, err = strconv.Atoi(lf[0]); err != nil || puid0 < 1 {
+				log.Fatalf("invalid parent uid on line %d", line)
+			}
+
+			ok = puid0 == puid
+			if ok {
+				// allowed fid range 0 to 99
+				if fid, err = strconv.Atoi(lf[1]); err != nil || fid < 0 || fid > 99 {
+					log.Fatalf("invalid fortify uid on line %d", line)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if err = s.Err(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("cannot read fsurc: %v", err)
+		}
+		return -1, false
+	}
+}

config.go

@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/app"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ func init() {
 
 func init() {
 	methodHelpString := "Method of launching the child process, can be one of \"sudo\""
-	if internal.SdBootedV {
+	if os.SdBooted() {
 		methodHelpString += ", \"systemd\""
 	}
 
@@ -60,12 +59,12 @@ func init() {
 func tryTemplate() {
 	if printTemplate {
 		if s, err := json.MarshalIndent(app.Template(), "", "  "); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot generate template: %v", err)
+			fmsg.Fatalf("cannot generate template: %v", err)
 			panic("unreachable")
 		} else {
 			fmt.Println(string(s))
 		}
-		os.Exit(0)
+		fmsg.Exit(0)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -77,10 +76,10 @@ func loadConfig() *app.Config {
 		// config from file
 		c := new(app.Config)
 		if f, err := os.Open(confPath); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot access config file '%s': %s\n", confPath, err)
+			fmsg.Fatalf("cannot access config file %q: %s", confPath, err)
 			panic("unreachable")
 		} else if err = json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&c); err != nil {
-			fatalf("cannot parse config file '%s': %s\n", confPath, err)
+			fmsg.Fatalf("cannot parse config file %q: %s", confPath, err)
 			panic("unreachable")
 		} else {
 			return c
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ func configFromFlags() (config *app.Config) {
 			config.Confinement.SessionBus = dbus.NewConfig(dbusID, true, mpris)
 		} else {
 			if c, err := dbus.NewConfigFromFile(dbusConfigSession); err != nil {
-				fatalf("cannot load session bus proxy config from %q: %s\n", dbusConfigSession, err)
+				fmsg.Fatalf("cannot load session bus proxy config from %q: %s", dbusConfigSession, err)
 			} else {
 				config.Confinement.SessionBus = c
 			}
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ func configFromFlags() (config *app.Config) {
 		// system bus proxy is optional
 		if dbusConfigSystem != "nil" {
 			if c, err := dbus.NewConfigFromFile(dbusConfigSystem); err != nil {
-				fatalf("cannot load system bus proxy config from %q: %s\n", dbusConfigSystem, err)
+				fmsg.Fatalf("cannot load system bus proxy config from %q: %s", dbusConfigSystem, err)
 			} else {
 				config.Confinement.SystemBus = c
 			}

dbus/config_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
 )
 
 func TestConfig_Args(t *testing.T) {

dbus/dbus_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestNew(t *testing.T) {

dbus/proxy.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 // ProxyName is the file name or path to the proxy program.

dbus/run.go

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/ldd"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/ldd"
 )
 
 // Start launches the D-Bus proxy and sets up the Wait method.

dbus/samples_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package dbus_test
 import (
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
 )
 
 var samples = []dbusTestCase{

dbus/stub_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package dbus_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestHelperChildStub(t *testing.T) {

error.go

@@ -2,23 +2,21 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/app"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 func logWaitError(err error) {
 	var e *fmsg.BaseError
 	if !fmsg.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
-		fmt.Println("fortify: wait failed:", err)
+		fmsg.Println("wait failed:", err)
 	} else {
 		// Wait only returns either *app.ProcessError or *app.StateStoreError wrapped in a *app.BaseError
 		var se *app.StateStoreError
 		if !errors.As(err, &se) {
 			// does not need special handling
-			fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+			fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 		} else {
 			// inner error are either unwrapped store errors
 			// or joined errors returned by *appSealTx revert
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ func logWaitError(err error) {
 			var ej app.RevertCompoundError
 			if !errors.As(se.InnerErr, &ej) {
 				// does not require special handling
-				fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+				fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 			} else {
 				errs := ej.Unwrap()
 
@@ -35,10 +33,10 @@ func logWaitError(err error) {
 					var eb *fmsg.BaseError
 					if !errors.As(ei, &eb) {
 						// unreachable
-						fmt.Println("fortify: invalid error type returned by revert:", ei)
+						fmsg.Println("invalid error type returned by revert:", ei)
 					} else {
 						// print inner *app.BaseError message
-						fmt.Print("fortify: " + eb.Message())
+						fmsg.Print(eb.Message())
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -50,13 +48,8 @@ func logBaseError(err error, message string) {
 	var e *fmsg.BaseError
 
 	if fmsg.AsBaseError(err, &e) {
-		fmt.Print("fortify: " + e.Message())
+		fmsg.Print(e.Message())
 	} else {
-		fmt.Println(message, err)
+		fmsg.Println(message, err)
 	}
 }
-
-func fatalf(format string, a ...any) {
-	fmt.Printf("fortify: "+format, a...)
-	os.Exit(1)
-}

flake.nix

@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@
 
       devShells = forAllSystems (system: {
         default = nixpkgsFor.${system}.mkShell {
-          buildInputs =
+          buildInputs = with nixpkgsFor.${system}; self.packages.${system}.fortify.buildInputs;
-            with nixpkgsFor.${system};
-            self.packages.${system}.fortify.buildInputs;
         };
 
         withPackage = nixpkgsFor.${system}.mkShell {

go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-module git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify
+module git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify
 
 go 1.22

helper/args_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func Test_argsFD_String(t *testing.T) {

helper/bwrap.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 // BubblewrapName is the file name or path to bubblewrap.

helper/bwrap/config.go

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 package bwrap
 
 import (
+	"encoding/gob"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 )
 
+func init() {
+	gob.Register(new(PermConfig[SymlinkConfig]))
+	gob.Register(new(PermConfig[*TmpfsConfig]))
+}
+
 type Config struct {
 	// unshare every namespace we support by default if nil
 	// (--unshare-all)

helper/bwrap_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 func TestBwrap(t *testing.T) {

helper/direct_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestDirect(t *testing.T) {

helper/helper_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 var (

helper/stub.go

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 // InternalChildStub is an internal function but exported because it is cross-package;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ func InternalChildStub() {
 		genericStub(argsFD, statFD)
 	}
 
-	os.Exit(0)
+	fmsg.Exit(0)
 }
 
 // InternalReplaceExecCommand is an internal function but exported because it is cross-package;

helper/stub_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package helper_test
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
 )
 
 func TestHelperChildStub(t *testing.T) {

internal/app/app.go

@@ -1,32 +1,45 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"net"
-	"os/exec"
 	"sync"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/shim"
 )
 
 type App interface {
-	Seal(config *Config) error
+	// ID returns a copy of App's unique ID.
+	ID() ID
+	// Start sets up the system and starts the App.
 	Start() error
+	// Wait waits for App's process to exit and reverts system setup.
 	Wait() (int, error)
+	// WaitErr returns error returned by the underlying wait syscall.
 	WaitErr() error
+
+	Seal(config *Config) error
 	String() string
 }
 
 type app struct {
+	// application unique identifier
+	id *ID
+	// operating system interface
+	os internal.System
+	// shim process manager
+	shim *shim.Shim
 	// child process related information
 	seal *appSeal
-	// underlying fortified child process
-	cmd *exec.Cmd
-	// wayland connection if wayland mediation is enabled
-	wayland *net.UnixConn
 	// error returned waiting for process
-	wait error
+	waitErr error
 
 	lock sync.RWMutex
 }
 
+func (a *app) ID() ID {
+	return *a.id
+}
+
 func (a *app) String() string {
 	if a == nil {
 		return "(invalid fortified app)"
@@ -35,8 +48,8 @@ func (a *app) String() string {
 	a.lock.RLock()
 	defer a.lock.RUnlock()
 
-	if a.cmd != nil {
+	if a.shim != nil {
-		return a.cmd.String()
+		return a.shim.String()
 	}
 
 	if a.seal != nil {
@@ -47,9 +60,12 @@ func (a *app) String() string {
 }
 
 func (a *app) WaitErr() error {
-	return a.wait
+	return a.waitErr
 }
 
-func New() App {
+func New(os internal.System) (App, error) {
-	return new(app)
+	a := new(app)
+	a.id = new(ID)
+	a.os = os
+	return a, newAppID(a.id)
 }

internal/app/app_nixos_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+var testCasesNixos = []sealTestCase{
+	{
+		"nixos permissive defaults no enablements", new(stubNixOS),
+		&app.Config{
+			User:    "chronos",
+			Command: make([]string, 0),
+			Method:  "sudo",
+		},
+		app.ID{
+			0x4a, 0x45, 0x0b, 0x65,
+			0x96, 0xd7, 0xbc, 0x15,
+			0xbd, 0x01, 0x78, 0x0e,
+			0xb9, 0xa6, 0x07, 0xac,
+		},
+		system.New(150).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971", 0701).
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", 0701).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", 01700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971/fortify", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971/fortify", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971", acl.Execute). // this is ordered as is because the previous Ensure only calls mkdir if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac", acl.Execute).
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/passwd", "chronos:x:65534:65534:Fortify:/home/chronos:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n").
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/group", "fortify:x:65534:\n"),
+		(&bwrap.Config{
+			Net:      true,
+			UserNS:   true,
+			Clearenv: true,
+			SetEnv: map[string]string{
+				"HOME":              "/home/chronos",
+				"SHELL":             "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"TERM":              "xterm-256color",
+				"USER":              "chronos",
+				"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":   "/run/user/150",
+				"XDG_SESSION_CLASS": "user",
+				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":  "tty"},
+			Chmod:         make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+			DieWithParent: true,
+			AsInit:        true,
+		}).SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
+			Procfs("/proc").DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+			Tmpfs("/dev/fortify", 4096).
+			Bind("/bin", "/bin", false, true).
+			Bind("/boot", "/boot", false, true).
+			Bind("/etc", "/dev/fortify/etc").
+			Bind("/home", "/home", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib", "/lib", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", false, true).
+			Bind("/nix", "/nix", false, true).
+			Bind("/root", "/root", false, true).
+			Bind("/srv", "/srv", false, true).
+			Bind("/sys", "/sys", false, true).
+			Bind("/usr", "/usr", false, true).
+			Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/credentials", "/run/credentials", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/host", "/run/host", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/keys", "/run/keys", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lock", "/run/lock", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/log", "/run/log", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lvm", "/run/lvm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/mount", "/run/mount", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nginx", "/run/nginx", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nixos", "/run/nixos", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nscd", "/run/nscd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/pppd", "/run/pppd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/sddm", "/run/sddm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/store", "/run/store", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/system", "/run/system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/systemd", "/run/systemd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udev", "/run/udev", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/utmp", "/run/utmp", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state", false, true).
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/alsa", "/etc/alsa").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/bashrc", "/etc/bashrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/binfmt.d", "/etc/binfmt.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/dbus-1", "/etc/dbus-1").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/default", "/etc/default").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ethertypes", "/etc/ethertypes").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fonts", "/etc/fonts").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fstab", "/etc/fstab").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fuse.conf", "/etc/fuse.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/host.conf", "/etc/host.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostid", "/etc/hostid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostname", "/etc/hostname").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM", "/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hosts", "/etc/hosts").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/inputrc", "/etc/inputrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ipsec.d", "/etc/ipsec.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/issue", "/etc/issue").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/kbd", "/etc/kbd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/libblockdev", "/etc/libblockdev").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/locale.conf", "/etc/locale.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/localtime", "/etc/localtime").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/login.defs", "/etc/login.defs").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/lsb-release", "/etc/lsb-release").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/lvm", "/etc/lvm").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/machine-id", "/etc/machine-id").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/man_db.conf", "/etc/man_db.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/modprobe.d", "/etc/modprobe.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/modules-load.d", "/etc/modules-load.d").
+			Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/mtab").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nanorc", "/etc/nanorc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/netgroup", "/etc/netgroup").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/NetworkManager", "/etc/NetworkManager").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nix", "/etc/nix").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nixos", "/etc/nixos").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/NIXOS", "/etc/NIXOS").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nscd.conf", "/etc/nscd.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nsswitch.conf", "/etc/nsswitch.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/opensnitchd", "/etc/opensnitchd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/os-release", "/etc/os-release").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pam", "/etc/pam").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pam.d", "/etc/pam.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pipewire", "/etc/pipewire").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pki", "/etc/pki").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/polkit-1", "/etc/polkit-1").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/profile", "/etc/profile").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/protocols", "/etc/protocols").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/qemu", "/etc/qemu").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/resolvconf.conf", "/etc/resolvconf.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/rpc", "/etc/rpc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/samba", "/etc/samba").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sddm.conf", "/etc/sddm.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/secureboot", "/etc/secureboot").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/services", "/etc/services").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/set-environment", "/etc/set-environment").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/shadow", "/etc/shadow").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/shells", "/etc/shells").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ssh", "/etc/ssh").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ssl", "/etc/ssl").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/static", "/etc/static").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/subgid", "/etc/subgid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/subuid", "/etc/subuid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sudoers", "/etc/sudoers").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sysctl.d", "/etc/sysctl.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/systemd", "/etc/systemd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/terminfo", "/etc/terminfo").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/tmpfiles.d", "/etc/tmpfiles.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/udev", "/etc/udev").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/udisks2", "/etc/udisks2").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/UPower", "/etc/UPower").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/vconsole.conf", "/etc/vconsole.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/X11", "/etc/X11").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zfs", "/etc/zfs").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zinputrc", "/etc/zinputrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zoneinfo", "/etc/zoneinfo").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zprofile", "/etc/zprofile").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zshenv", "/etc/zshenv").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zshrc", "/etc/zshrc").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", "/tmp", false, true).
+			Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user/150", 8388608).
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/4a450b6596d7bc15bd01780eb9a607ac/group", "/etc/group").
+			Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+	},
+	{
+		"nixos permissive defaults chromium", new(stubNixOS),
+		&app.Config{
+			ID:      "org.chromium.Chromium",
+			User:    "chronos",
+			Command: []string{"/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh", "-c", "exec chromium "},
+			Confinement: app.ConfinementConfig{
+				SessionBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk: []string{
+						"org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+						"org.freedesktop.FileManager1",
+						"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver",
+						"org.freedesktop.secrets",
+						"org.kde.kwalletd5",
+						"org.kde.kwalletd6",
+						"org.gnome.SessionManager",
+					},
+					Own: []string{
+						"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+						"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+					},
+					Call: map[string]string{
+						"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "*",
+					},
+					Broadcast: map[string]string{
+						"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "@/org/freedesktop/portal/*",
+					},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				SystemBus: &dbus.Config{
+					Talk: []string{
+						"org.bluez",
+						"org.freedesktop.Avahi",
+						"org.freedesktop.UPower",
+					},
+					Filter: true,
+				},
+				Enablements: system.EWayland.Mask() | system.EDBus.Mask() | system.EPulse.Mask(),
+			},
+			Method: "systemd",
+		},
+		app.ID{
+			0xeb, 0xf0, 0x83, 0xd1,
+			0xb1, 0x75, 0x91, 0x17,
+			0x82, 0xd4, 0x13, 0x36,
+			0x9b, 0x64, 0xce, 0x7c,
+		},
+		system.New(150).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971", 0701).
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", 0701).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", 01700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971/fortify", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971/fortify", acl.Execute).
+			Ensure("/run/user/1971", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.User, "/run/user/1971", acl.Execute). // this is ordered as is because the previous Ensure only calls mkdir if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
+			Ephemeral(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", 0700).UpdatePermType(system.Process, "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c", acl.Execute).
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/passwd", "chronos:x:65534:65534:Fortify:/home/chronos:/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh\n").
+			WriteType(system.Process, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/group", "fortify:x:65534:\n").
+			Link("/run/user/1971/wayland-0", "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/wayland").
+			UpdatePermType(system.EWayland, "/run/user/1971/wayland-0", acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute).
+			Link("/run/user/1971/pulse/native", "/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse").
+			CopyFile("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie", "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie").
+			MustProxyDBus("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.freedesktop.Notifications",
+					"org.freedesktop.FileManager1",
+					"org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver",
+					"org.freedesktop.secrets",
+					"org.kde.kwalletd5",
+					"org.kde.kwalletd6",
+					"org.gnome.SessionManager",
+				},
+				Own: []string{
+					"org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.org.chromium.Chromium.*",
+					"org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*",
+				},
+				Call: map[string]string{
+					"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "*",
+				},
+				Broadcast: map[string]string{
+					"org.freedesktop.portal.*": "@/org/freedesktop/portal/*",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			}, "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", &dbus.Config{
+				Talk: []string{
+					"org.bluez",
+					"org.freedesktop.Avahi",
+					"org.freedesktop.UPower",
+				},
+				Filter: true,
+			}).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", acl.Read, acl.Write).
+			UpdatePerm("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", acl.Read, acl.Write),
+		(&bwrap.Config{
+			Net:      true,
+			UserNS:   true,
+			Clearenv: true,
+			SetEnv: map[string]string{
+				"DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/150/bus",
+				"DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS":  "unix:path=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
+				"HOME":                     "/home/chronos",
+				"PULSE_COOKIE":             "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie",
+				"PULSE_SERVER":             "unix:/run/user/150/pulse/native",
+				"SHELL":                    "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh",
+				"TERM":                     "xterm-256color",
+				"USER":                     "chronos",
+				"WAYLAND_DISPLAY":          "/run/user/150/wayland-0",
+				"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":          "/run/user/150",
+				"XDG_SESSION_CLASS":        "user",
+				"XDG_SESSION_TYPE":         "tty",
+			},
+			Chmod:         make(bwrap.ChmodConfig),
+			DieWithParent: true,
+			AsInit:        true,
+		}).SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
+			Procfs("/proc").DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+			Tmpfs("/dev/fortify", 4096).
+			Bind("/bin", "/bin", false, true).
+			Bind("/boot", "/boot", false, true).
+			Bind("/etc", "/dev/fortify/etc").
+			Bind("/home", "/home", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib", "/lib", false, true).
+			Bind("/lib64", "/lib64", false, true).
+			Bind("/nix", "/nix", false, true).
+			Bind("/root", "/root", false, true).
+			Bind("/srv", "/srv", false, true).
+			Bind("/sys", "/sys", false, true).
+			Bind("/usr", "/usr", false, true).
+			Bind("/var", "/var", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/agetty.reload", "/run/agetty.reload", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/binfmt", "/run/binfmt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/booted-system", "/run/booted-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/credentials", "/run/credentials", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/cryptsetup", "/run/cryptsetup", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/current-system", "/run/current-system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/host", "/run/host", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/keys", "/run/keys", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirt", "/run/libvirt", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/libvirtd.pid", "/run/libvirtd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lock", "/run/lock", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/log", "/run/log", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/lvm", "/run/lvm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/mount", "/run/mount", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/NetworkManager", "/run/NetworkManager", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nginx", "/run/nginx", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nixos", "/run/nixos", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/nscd", "/run/nscd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/opengl-driver", "/run/opengl-driver", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/pppd", "/run/pppd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/resolvconf", "/run/resolvconf", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/sddm", "/run/sddm", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/store", "/run/store", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/syncoid", "/run/syncoid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/system", "/run/system", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/systemd", "/run/systemd", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/tmpfiles.d", "/run/tmpfiles.d", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udev", "/run/udev", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/udisks2", "/run/udisks2", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/utmp", "/run/utmp", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/virtlogd.pid", "/run/virtlogd.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/wrappers", "/run/wrappers", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.pid", "/run/zed.pid", false, true).
+			Bind("/run/zed.state", "/run/zed.state", false, true).
+			Bind("/dev/dri", "/dev/dri", true, true, true).
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/alsa", "/etc/alsa").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/bashrc", "/etc/bashrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/binfmt.d", "/etc/binfmt.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/dbus-1", "/etc/dbus-1").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/default", "/etc/default").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ethertypes", "/etc/ethertypes").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fonts", "/etc/fonts").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fstab", "/etc/fstab").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/fuse.conf", "/etc/fuse.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/host.conf", "/etc/host.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostid", "/etc/hostid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostname", "/etc/hostname").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM", "/etc/hostname.CHECKSUM").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/hosts", "/etc/hosts").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/inputrc", "/etc/inputrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ipsec.d", "/etc/ipsec.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/issue", "/etc/issue").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/kbd", "/etc/kbd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/libblockdev", "/etc/libblockdev").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/locale.conf", "/etc/locale.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/localtime", "/etc/localtime").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/login.defs", "/etc/login.defs").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/lsb-release", "/etc/lsb-release").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/lvm", "/etc/lvm").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/machine-id", "/etc/machine-id").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/man_db.conf", "/etc/man_db.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/modprobe.d", "/etc/modprobe.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/modules-load.d", "/etc/modules-load.d").
+			Symlink("/proc/mounts", "/etc/mtab").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nanorc", "/etc/nanorc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/netgroup", "/etc/netgroup").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/NetworkManager", "/etc/NetworkManager").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nix", "/etc/nix").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nixos", "/etc/nixos").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/NIXOS", "/etc/NIXOS").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nscd.conf", "/etc/nscd.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/nsswitch.conf", "/etc/nsswitch.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/opensnitchd", "/etc/opensnitchd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/os-release", "/etc/os-release").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pam", "/etc/pam").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pam.d", "/etc/pam.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pipewire", "/etc/pipewire").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/pki", "/etc/pki").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/polkit-1", "/etc/polkit-1").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/profile", "/etc/profile").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/protocols", "/etc/protocols").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/qemu", "/etc/qemu").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/resolv.conf", "/etc/resolv.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/resolvconf.conf", "/etc/resolvconf.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/rpc", "/etc/rpc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/samba", "/etc/samba").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sddm.conf", "/etc/sddm.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/secureboot", "/etc/secureboot").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/services", "/etc/services").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/set-environment", "/etc/set-environment").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/shadow", "/etc/shadow").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/shells", "/etc/shells").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ssh", "/etc/ssh").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/ssl", "/etc/ssl").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/static", "/etc/static").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/subgid", "/etc/subgid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/subuid", "/etc/subuid").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sudoers", "/etc/sudoers").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/sysctl.d", "/etc/sysctl.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/systemd", "/etc/systemd").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/terminfo", "/etc/terminfo").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/tmpfiles.d", "/etc/tmpfiles.d").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/udev", "/etc/udev").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/udisks2", "/etc/udisks2").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/UPower", "/etc/UPower").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/vconsole.conf", "/etc/vconsole.conf").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/X11", "/etc/X11").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zfs", "/etc/zfs").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zinputrc", "/etc/zinputrc").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zoneinfo", "/etc/zoneinfo").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zprofile", "/etc/zprofile").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zshenv", "/etc/zshenv").
+			Symlink("/dev/fortify/etc/zshrc", "/etc/zshrc").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/tmpdir/150", "/tmp", false, true).
+			Tmpfs("/tmp/fortify.1971", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user", 1048576).
+			Tmpfs("/run/user/150", 8388608).
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/passwd", "/etc/passwd").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/group", "/etc/group").
+			Bind("/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/wayland", "/run/user/150/wayland-0").
+			Bind("/run/user/1971/fortify/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse", "/run/user/150/pulse/native").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie", "/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/pulse-cookie").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/bus", "/run/user/150/bus").
+			Bind("/tmp/fortify.1971/ebf083d1b175911782d413369b64ce7c/system_bus_socket", "/run/dbus/system_bus_socket").
+			Tmpfs("/var/run/nscd", 8192),
+	},
+}
+
+// fs methods are not implemented using a real FS
+// to help better understand filesystem access behaviour
+type stubNixOS struct {
+	lookPathErr map[string]error
+	usernameErr map[string]error
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Geteuid() int {
+	return 1971
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool) {
+	switch key {
+	case "SHELL":
+		return "/run/current-system/sw/bin/zsh", true
+	case "TERM":
+		return "xterm-256color", true
+	case "WAYLAND_DISPLAY":
+		return "wayland-0", true
+	case "PULSE_COOKIE":
+		return "", false
+	case "HOME":
+		return "/home/ophestra", true
+	case "XDG_CONFIG_HOME":
+		return "/home/ophestra/xdg/config", true
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to access unexpected environment variable %q", key))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) TempDir() string {
+	return "/tmp"
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) LookPath(file string) (string, error) {
+	if s.lookPathErr != nil {
+		if err, ok := s.lookPathErr[file]; ok {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch file {
+	case "sudo":
+		return "/run/wrappers/bin/sudo", nil
+	case "machinectl":
+		return "/home/ophestra/.nix-profile/bin/machinectl", nil
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to look up unexpected executable %q", file))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Executable() (string, error) {
+	return "/home/ophestra/.nix-profile/bin/fortify", nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Lookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	if s.usernameErr != nil {
+		if err, ok := s.usernameErr[username]; ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch username {
+	case "chronos":
+		return &user.User{
+			Uid:      "150",
+			Gid:      "101",
+			Username: "chronos",
+			HomeDir:  "/home/chronos",
+		}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, user.UnknownUserError(username)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) ReadDir(name string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "/":
+		return stubDirEntries("bin", "boot", "dev", "etc", "home", "lib",
+			"lib64", "nix", "proc", "root", "run", "srv", "sys", "tmp", "usr", "var")
+	case "/run":
+		return stubDirEntries("agetty.reload", "binfmt", "booted-system",
+			"credentials", "cryptsetup", "current-system", "dbus", "host", "keys",
+			"libvirt", "libvirtd.pid", "lock", "log", "lvm", "mount", "NetworkManager",
+			"nginx", "nixos", "nscd", "opengl-driver", "pppd", "resolvconf", "sddm",
+			"store", "syncoid", "system", "systemd", "tmpfiles.d", "udev", "udisks2",
+			"user", "utmp", "virtlogd.pid", "wrappers", "zed.pid", "zed.state")
+	case "/etc":
+		return stubDirEntries("alsa", "bashrc", "binfmt.d", "dbus-1", "default",
+			"ethertypes", "fonts", "fstab", "fuse.conf", "group", "host.conf", "hostid",
+			"hostname", "hostname.CHECKSUM", "hosts", "inputrc", "ipsec.d", "issue", "kbd",
+			"libblockdev", "locale.conf", "localtime", "login.defs", "lsb-release", "lvm",
+			"machine-id", "man_db.conf", "modprobe.d", "modules-load.d", "mtab", "nanorc",
+			"netgroup", "NetworkManager", "nix", "nixos", "NIXOS", "nscd.conf", "nsswitch.conf",
+			"opensnitchd", "os-release", "pam", "pam.d", "passwd", "pipewire", "pki", "polkit-1",
+			"profile", "protocols", "qemu", "resolv.conf", "resolvconf.conf", "rpc", "samba",
+			"sddm.conf", "secureboot", "services", "set-environment", "shadow", "shells", "ssh",
+			"ssl", "static", "subgid", "subuid", "sudoers", "sysctl.d", "systemd", "terminfo",
+			"tmpfiles.d", "udev", "udisks2", "UPower", "vconsole.conf", "X11", "zfs", "zinputrc",
+			"zoneinfo", "zprofile", "zshenv", "zshrc")
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to read unexpected directory %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "/var/run/nscd":
+		return nil, nil
+	case "/run/user/1971/pulse":
+		return nil, nil
+	case "/run/user/1971/pulse/native":
+		return stubFileInfoMode(0666), nil
+	case "/home/ophestra/.pulse-cookie":
+		return stubFileInfoIsDir(true), nil
+	case "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie":
+		return stubFileInfoIsDir(false), nil
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to stat unexpected path %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
+	switch name {
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("attempted to open unexpected file %q", name))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Exit(code int) {
+	panic("called exit on stub with code " + strconv.Itoa(code))
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) Paths() internal.Paths {
+	return internal.Paths{
+		SharePath:   "/tmp/fortify.1971",
+		RuntimePath: "/run/user/1971",
+		RunDirPath:  "/run/user/1971/fortify",
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *stubNixOS) SdBooted() bool {
+	return true
+}

internal/app/app_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+type sealTestCase struct {
+	name      string
+	os        internal.System
+	config    *app.Config
+	id        app.ID
+	wantSys   *system.I
+	wantBwrap *bwrap.Config
+}
+
+func TestApp(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := append(testCasesNixos)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := app.NewWithID(tc.id, tc.os)
+
+			if !t.Run("seal", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if err := a.Seal(tc.config); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Seal: error = %v", err)
+				}
+			}) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			gotSys, gotBwrap := app.AppSystemBwrap(a)
+
+			t.Run("compare sys", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if !gotSys.Equal(tc.wantSys) {
+					t.Errorf("Seal: sys = %#v, want %#v",
+						gotSys, tc.wantSys)
+				}
+			})
+
+			t.Run("compare bwrap", func(t *testing.T) {
+				if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotBwrap, tc.wantBwrap) {
+					t.Errorf("seal: bwrap = %#v, want %#v",
+						gotBwrap, tc.wantBwrap)
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func stubDirEntries(names ...string) (e []fs.DirEntry, err error) {
+	e = make([]fs.DirEntry, len(names))
+	for i, name := range names {
+		e[i] = stubDirEntryPath(name)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+type stubDirEntryPath string
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Name() string {
+	return string(p)
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) IsDir() bool {
+	panic("attempted to call IsDir")
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Type() fs.FileMode {
+	panic("attempted to call Type")
+}
+
+func (p stubDirEntryPath) Info() (fs.FileInfo, error) {
+	panic("attempted to call Info")
+}
+
+type stubFileInfoMode fs.FileMode
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Name() string {
+	panic("attempted to call Name")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Size() int64 {
+	panic("attempted to call Size")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Mode() fs.FileMode {
+	return fs.FileMode(s)
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) ModTime() time.Time {
+	panic("attempted to call ModTime")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) IsDir() bool {
+	panic("attempted to call IsDir")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoMode) Sys() any {
+	panic("attempted to call Sys")
+}
+
+type stubFileInfoIsDir bool
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Name() string {
+	panic("attempted to call Name")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Size() int64 {
+	panic("attempted to call Size")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Mode() fs.FileMode {
+	panic("attempted to call Mode")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) ModTime() time.Time {
+	panic("attempted to call ModTime")
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) IsDir() bool {
+	return bool(s)
+}
+
+func (s stubFileInfoIsDir) Sys() any {
+	panic("attempted to call Sys")
+}

internal/app/config.go

@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"encoding/gob"
 	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	gob.Register(new(bwrap.PermConfig[*bwrap.TmpfsConfig]))
-}
-
 // Config is used to seal an *App
 type Config struct {
 	// D-Bus application ID
@@ -61,6 +56,8 @@ type SandboxConfig struct {
 	Env map[string]string `json:"env"`
 	// sandbox host filesystem access
 	Filesystem []*FilesystemConfig `json:"filesystem"`
+	// symlinks created inside the sandbox
+	Link [][2]string `json:"symlink"`
 	// paths to override by mounting tmpfs over them
 	Override []string `json:"override"`
 }
@@ -99,7 +96,8 @@ func (s *SandboxConfig) Bwrap() *bwrap.Config {
 		Chmod: make(map[string]os.FileMode),
 	}).
 		SetUID(65534).SetGID(65534).
-		Procfs("/proc").DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue")
+		Procfs("/proc").DevTmpfs("/dev").Mqueue("/dev/mqueue").
+		Tmpfs("/dev/fortify", 4*1024)
 
 	for _, c := range s.Filesystem {
 		if c == nil {
@@ -113,6 +111,10 @@ func (s *SandboxConfig) Bwrap() *bwrap.Config {
 		conf.Bind(src, dest, !c.Must, c.Write, c.Device)
 	}
 
+	for _, l := range s.Link {
+		conf.Symlink(l[0], l[1])
+	}
+
 	return conf
 }
 
@@ -149,6 +151,7 @@ func Template() *Config {
 					{Src: "/data/user/0", Dst: "/data/data", Write: true, Must: true},
 					{Src: "/var/tmp", Write: true},
 				},
+				Link:     [][2]string{{"/dev/fortify/etc", "/etc"}},
 				Override: []string{"/var/run/nscd"},
 			},
 			SystemBus: &dbus.Config{

internal/app/export_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
+)
+
+func NewWithID(id ID, os internal.System) App {
+	a := new(app)
+	a.id = &id
+	a.os = os
+	return a
+}
+
+func AppSystemBwrap(a App) (*system.I, *bwrap.Config) {
+	v := a.(*app)
+	return v.seal.sys.I, v.seal.sys.bwrap
+}

internal/app/id.go

@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 )
 
-type appID [16]byte
+type ID [16]byte
 
-func (a *appID) String() string {
+func (a *ID) String() string {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(a[:])
 }
 
-func newAppID() (*appID, error) {
+func newAppID(id *ID) error {
-	a := &appID{}
+	_, err := rand.Read(id[:])
-	_, err := rand.Read(a[:])
+	return err
-	return a, err
 }

internal/app/launch.machinectl.go

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 func (a *app) commandBuilderMachineCtl(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ func (a *app) commandBuilderMachineCtl(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
 	args = append(args, "shell", "--uid="+a.seal.sys.user.Username)
 
 	// --quiet
-	if !verbose.Get() {
+	if !fmsg.Verbose() {
 		args = append(args, "--quiet")
 	}
 
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ func (a *app) commandBuilderMachineCtl(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
 	args = append(args, "--", ".host")
 
 	// /bin/sh -c
-	if sh, err := exec.LookPath("sh"); err != nil {
+	if sh, err := a.os.LookPath("sh"); err != nil {
 		// hardcode /bin/sh path since it exists more often than not
 		args = append(args, "/bin/sh", "-c")
 	} else {

internal/app/launch.sudo.go

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"os"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -17,8 +15,8 @@ func (a *app) commandBuilderSudo(shimEnv string) (args []string) {
 	args = append(args, "-Hiu", a.seal.sys.user.Username)
 
 	// -A?
-	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv(sudoAskPass); ok {
+	if _, ok := a.os.LookupEnv(sudoAskPass); ok {
-		verbose.Printf("%s set, adding askpass flag\n", sudoAskPass)
+		fmsg.VPrintln(sudoAskPass, "set, adding askpass flag")
 		args = append(args, "-A")
 	}
 

internal/app/seal.go

@@ -2,18 +2,17 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"os"
+	"io/fs"
-	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"path"
 	"strconv"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/shim"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/state"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -21,6 +20,11 @@ const (
 	LaunchMethodMachineCtl
 )
 
+var method = [...]string{
+	LaunchMethodSudo:       "sudo",
+	LaunchMethodMachineCtl: "systemd",
+}
+
 var (
 	ErrConfig = errors.New("no configuration to seal")
 	ErrUser   = errors.New("unknown user")
@@ -31,6 +35,42 @@ var (
 	ErrMachineCtl = errors.New("machinectl not available")
 )
 
+// appSeal seals the application with child-related information
+type appSeal struct {
+	// app unique ID string representation
+	id string
+	// wayland mediation, disabled if nil
+	wl *shim.Wayland
+
+	// freedesktop application ID
+	fid string
+	// argv to start process with in the final confined environment
+	command []string
+	// persistent process state store
+	store state.Store
+
+	// uint8 representation of launch method sealed from config
+	launchOption uint8
+	// process-specific share directory path
+	share string
+	// process-specific share directory path local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
+	shareLocal string
+
+	// path to launcher program
+	toolPath string
+	// pass-through enablement tracking from config
+	et system.Enablements
+
+	// prevents sharing from happening twice
+	shared bool
+	// seal system-level component
+	sys *appSealSys
+
+	internal.Paths
+
+	// protected by upstream mutex
+}
+
 // Seal seals the app launch context
 func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 	a.lock.Lock()
@@ -48,39 +88,32 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 	// create seal
 	seal := new(appSeal)
 
-	// generate application ID
-	if id, err := newAppID(); err != nil {
-		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-			"cannot generate application ID:")
-	} else {
-		seal.id = id
-	}
-
 	// fetch system constants
-	seal.SystemConstants = internal.GetSC()
+	seal.Paths = a.os.Paths()
 
 	// pass through config values
+	seal.id = a.id.String()
 	seal.fid = config.ID
 	seal.command = config.Command
 
 	// parses launch method text and looks up tool path
 	switch config.Method {
-	case "sudo":
+	case method[LaunchMethodSudo]:
 		seal.launchOption = LaunchMethodSudo
-		if sudoPath, err := exec.LookPath("sudo"); err != nil {
+		if sudoPath, err := a.os.LookPath("sudo"); err != nil {
 			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrSudo,
 				"sudo not found")
 		} else {
 			seal.toolPath = sudoPath
 		}
-	case "systemd":
+	case method[LaunchMethodMachineCtl]:
 		seal.launchOption = LaunchMethodMachineCtl
-		if !internal.SdBootedV {
+		if !a.os.SdBooted() {
 			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrSystemd,
 				"system has not been booted with systemd as init system")
 		}
 
-		if machineCtlPath, err := exec.LookPath("machinectl"); err != nil {
+		if machineCtlPath, err := a.os.LookPath("machinectl"); err != nil {
 			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrMachineCtl,
 				"machinectl not found")
 		} else {
@@ -95,14 +128,14 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 	seal.sys = new(appSealSys)
 
 	// look up fortify executable path
-	if p, err := os.Executable(); err != nil {
+	if p, err := a.os.Executable(); err != nil {
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err, "cannot look up fortify executable path:")
 	} else {
 		seal.sys.executable = p
 	}
 
 	// look up user from system
-	if u, err := user.Lookup(config.User); err != nil {
+	if u, err := a.os.Lookup(config.User); err != nil {
 		if errors.As(err, new(user.UnknownUserError)) {
 			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrUser, "unknown user", config.User)
 		} else {
@@ -116,7 +149,7 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 
 	// map sandbox config to bwrap
 	if config.Confinement.Sandbox == nil {
-		verbose.Println("sandbox configuration not supplied, PROCEED WITH CAUTION")
+		fmsg.VPrintln("sandbox configuration not supplied, PROCEED WITH CAUTION")
 
 		// permissive defaults
 		conf := &SandboxConfig{
@@ -125,27 +158,29 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 			NoNewSession: true,
 		}
 		// bind entries in /
-		if d, err := os.ReadDir("/"); err != nil {
+		if d, err := a.os.ReadDir("/"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
 			b := make([]*FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
 			for _, ent := range d {
-				name := ent.Name()
+				p := "/" + ent.Name()
-				switch name {
+				switch p {
-				case "proc":
+				case "/proc":
-				case "dev":
+				case "/dev":
-				case "run":
+				case "/run":
-				case "tmp":
+				case "/tmp":
-				case "mnt":
+				case "/mnt":
+
+				case "/etc":
+					b = append(b, &FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Dst: "/dev/fortify/etc", Write: false, Must: true})
 				default:
-					p := "/" + name
 					b = append(b, &FilesystemConfig{Src: p, Write: true, Must: true})
 				}
 			}
 			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, b...)
 		}
 		// bind entries in /run
-		if d, err := os.ReadDir("/run"); err != nil {
+		if d, err := a.os.ReadDir("/run"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else {
 			b := make([]*FilesystemConfig, 0, len(d))
@@ -163,13 +198,39 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 		}
 		// hide nscd from sandbox if present
 		nscd := "/var/run/nscd"
-		if _, err := os.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		if _, err := a.os.Stat(nscd); !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
 			conf.Override = append(conf.Override, nscd)
 		}
 		// bind GPU stuff
 		if config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(system.EX11) || config.Confinement.Enablements.Has(system.EWayland) {
 			conf.Filesystem = append(conf.Filesystem, &FilesystemConfig{Src: "/dev/dri", Device: true})
 		}
+		// link host /etc to prevent passwd/group from being overwritten
+		if d, err := a.os.ReadDir("/etc"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			b := make([][2]string, 0, len(d))
+			for _, ent := range d {
+				name := ent.Name()
+				switch name {
+				case "passwd":
+				case "group":
+
+				case "mtab":
+					b = append(b, [2]string{
+						"/proc/mounts",
+						"/etc/" + name,
+					})
+				default:
+					b = append(b, [2]string{
+						"/dev/fortify/etc/" + name,
+						"/etc/" + name,
+					})
+				}
+			}
+			conf.Link = append(conf.Link, b...)
+		}
+
 		config.Confinement.Sandbox = conf
 	}
 	seal.sys.bwrap = config.Confinement.Sandbox.Bwrap()
@@ -178,16 +239,16 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv = make(map[string]string)
 	}
 
-	// create wayland client wait channel if mediated wayland is enabled
+	// create wayland struct and client wait channel if mediated wayland is enabled
-	// this channel being set enables mediated wayland setup later on
+	// this field being set enables mediated wayland setup later on
 	if config.Confinement.Sandbox.Wayland {
-		seal.wlDone = make(chan struct{})
+		seal.wl = shim.NewWayland()
 	}
 
 	// open process state store
 	// the simple store only starts holding an open file after first action
 	// store activity begins after Start is called and must end before Wait
-	seal.store = state.NewSimple(seal.SystemConstants.RunDirPath, seal.sys.user.Uid)
+	seal.store = state.NewSimple(seal.RunDirPath, seal.sys.user.Uid)
 
 	// parse string UID
 	if u, err := strconv.Atoi(seal.sys.user.Uid); err != nil {
@@ -201,12 +262,12 @@ func (a *app) Seal(config *Config) error {
 	seal.et = config.Confinement.Enablements
 
 	// this method calls all share methods in sequence
-	if err := seal.shareAll([2]*dbus.Config{config.Confinement.SessionBus, config.Confinement.SystemBus}); err != nil {
+	if err := seal.shareAll([2]*dbus.Config{config.Confinement.SessionBus, config.Confinement.SystemBus}, a.os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	// verbose log seal information
-	verbose.Println("created application seal as user",
+	fmsg.VPrintln("created application seal as user",
 		seal.sys.user.Username, "("+seal.sys.user.Uid+"),",
 		"method:", config.Method+",",
 		"launcher:", seal.toolPath+",",

internal/app/share.dbus.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package app
 import (
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (

internal/app/share.display.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 	ErrXDisplay = errors.New(display + " unset")
 )
 
-func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay() error {
+func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay(os internal.System) error {
 	// pass $TERM to launcher
 	if t, ok := os.LookupEnv(term); ok {
 		seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[term] = t
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay() error {
 		if wd, ok := os.LookupEnv(waylandDisplay); !ok {
 			return fmsg.WrapError(ErrWayland,
 				"WAYLAND_DISPLAY is not set")
-		} else if seal.wlDone == nil {
+		} else if seal.wl == nil {
 			// hardlink wayland socket
 			wp := path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
 			wpi := path.Join(seal.shareLocal, "wayland")
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ func (seal *appSeal) shareDisplay() error {
 			// ensure Wayland socket ACL (e.g. `/run/user/%d/wayland-%d`)
 			seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.EWayland, wp, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
 		} else {
-			// set wayland socket path (e.g. `/run/user/%d/wayland-%d`)
+			// set wayland socket path for mediation (e.g. `/run/user/%d/wayland-%d`)
-			seal.wl = path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
+			seal.wl.Path = path.Join(seal.RuntimePath, wd)
 		}
 	}
 

internal/app/share.pulse.go

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var (
 	ErrPulseMode   = errors.New("unexpected pulse socket mode")
 )
 
-func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse() error {
+func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse(os internal.System) error {
 	if !seal.et.Has(system.EPulse) {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse() error {
 	seal.sys.bwrap.SetEnv[pulseServer] = "unix:" + p
 
 	// publish current user's pulse cookie for target user
-	if src, err := discoverPulseCookie(); err != nil {
+	if src, err := discoverPulseCookie(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else {
 		dst := path.Join(seal.share, "pulse-cookie")
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (seal *appSeal) sharePulse() error {
 }
 
 // discoverPulseCookie attempts various standard methods to discover the current user's PulseAudio authentication cookie
-func discoverPulseCookie() (string, error) {
+func discoverPulseCookie(os internal.System) (string, error) {
 	if p, ok := os.LookupEnv(pulseCookie); ok {
 		return p, nil
 	}

internal/app/share.runtime.go

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package app
 import (
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -29,19 +29,11 @@ func (seal *appSeal) shareRuntime() {
 	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, seal.RunDirPath, acl.Execute)
 
 	// ensure runtime directory ACL (e.g. `/run/user/%d`)
+	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.RuntimePath, 0700) // ensure this dir in case XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is unset
 	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, seal.RuntimePath, acl.Execute)
 
-	// ensure Share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
-	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
-	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.SharePath, 0701)
-
-	// ensure process-specific share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/%s`)
-	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
-	seal.share = path.Join(seal.SharePath, seal.id.String())
-	seal.sys.Ephemeral(system.Process, seal.share, 0701)
-
 	// ensure process-specific share local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (e.g. `/run/user/%d/fortify/%s`)
-	seal.shareLocal = path.Join(seal.RunDirPath, seal.id.String())
+	seal.shareLocal = path.Join(seal.RunDirPath, seal.id)
 	seal.sys.Ephemeral(system.Process, seal.shareLocal, 0700)
 	seal.sys.UpdatePerm(seal.shareLocal, acl.Execute)
 }

internal/app/share.system.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"os"
 	"path"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -14,6 +14,31 @@ const (
 
 // shareSystem queues various system-related actions
 func (seal *appSeal) shareSystem() {
+	// ensure Share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
+	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
+	seal.sys.Ensure(seal.SharePath, 0701)
+
+	// ensure process-specific share (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/%s`)
+	// acl is unnecessary as this directory is world executable
+	seal.share = path.Join(seal.SharePath, seal.id)
+	seal.sys.Ephemeral(system.Process, seal.share, 0701)
+
+	// ensure child tmpdir parent directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir`)
+	targetTmpdirParent := path.Join(seal.SharePath, "tmpdir")
+	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdirParent, 0700)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdirParent, acl.Execute)
+
+	// ensure child tmpdir (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir/%d`)
+	targetTmpdir := path.Join(targetTmpdirParent, seal.sys.user.Uid)
+	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdir, 01700)
+	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdir, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(targetTmpdir, "/tmp", false, true)
+
+	// mount tmpfs on inner shared directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
+	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs(seal.SharePath, 1*1024*1024)
+}
+
+func (seal *appSeal) sharePasswd(os internal.System) {
 	// look up shell
 	sh := "/bin/sh"
 	if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(shell); ok {
@@ -44,21 +69,3 @@ func (seal *appSeal) shareSystem() {
 	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(passwdPath, "/etc/passwd")
 	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(groupPath, "/etc/group")
 }
-
-func (seal *appSeal) shareTmpdirChild() string {
-	// ensure child tmpdir parent directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir`)
-	targetTmpdirParent := path.Join(seal.SharePath, "tmpdir")
-	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdirParent, 0700)
-	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdirParent, acl.Execute)
-
-	// ensure child tmpdir (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d/tmpdir/%d`)
-	targetTmpdir := path.Join(targetTmpdirParent, seal.sys.user.Uid)
-	seal.sys.Ensure(targetTmpdir, 01700)
-	seal.sys.UpdatePermType(system.User, targetTmpdir, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute)
-	seal.sys.bwrap.Bind(targetTmpdir, "/tmp", false, true)
-
-	// mount tmpfs on inner shared directory (e.g. `/tmp/fortify.%d`)
-	seal.sys.bwrap.Tmpfs(seal.SharePath, 1*1024*1024)
-
-	return targetTmpdir
-}

internal/app/start.go

@@ -3,23 +3,20 @@ package app
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/shim"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/shim"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/state"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
-// Start starts the fortified child
+// Start selects a user switcher and starts shim.
+// Note that Wait must be called regardless of error returned by Start.
 func (a *app) Start() error {
 	a.lock.Lock()
 	defer a.lock.Unlock()
@@ -37,18 +34,14 @@ func (a *app) Start() error {
 			if s, err := exec.LookPath(n); err == nil {
 				shimExec[i] = s
 			} else {
-				return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+				return fmsg.WrapError(err,
-					fmt.Sprintf("cannot find %q:", n))
+					fmt.Sprintf("executable file %q not found in $PATH", n))
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := a.seal.sys.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	// select command builder
-	var commandBuilder func(shimEnv string) (args []string)
+	var commandBuilder shim.CommandBuilder
 	switch a.seal.launchOption {
 	case LaunchMethodSudo:
 		commandBuilder = a.commandBuilderSudo
@@ -58,53 +51,48 @@ func (a *app) Start() error {
 		panic("unreachable")
 	}
 
-	// configure child process
+	// construct shim manager
-	confSockPath := path.Join(a.seal.share, "shim")
+	a.shim = shim.New(a.seal.toolPath, uint32(a.seal.sys.UID()), path.Join(a.seal.share, "shim"), a.seal.wl,
-	a.cmd = exec.Command(a.seal.toolPath, commandBuilder(shim.EnvShim+"="+confSockPath)...)
+		&shim.Payload{
-	a.cmd.Env = []string{}
-	a.cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	a.cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	a.cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	a.cmd.Dir = a.seal.RunDirPath
-
-	if wls, err := shim.ServeConfig(confSockPath, a.seal.sys.UID(), &shim.Payload{
 			Argv:  a.seal.command,
 			Exec:  shimExec,
 			Bwrap: a.seal.sys.bwrap,
-		WL:    a.seal.wlDone != nil,
+			WL:    a.seal.wl != nil,
 
-		Verbose: verbose.Get(),
+			Verbose: fmsg.Verbose(),
-	}, a.seal.wl, a.seal.wlDone); err != nil {
+		},
-		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+		// checkPid is impossible at the moment since there is no reliable way to obtain shim's pid
-			"cannot listen on shim socket:")
+		// this feature is disabled here until sudo is replaced by fortify suid wrapper
+		false,
+	)
+
+	// startup will go ahead, commit system setup
+	if err := a.seal.sys.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	a.seal.sys.needRevert = true
+
+	if startTime, err := a.shim.Start(commandBuilder); err != nil {
+		return err
 	} else {
-		a.wayland = wls
+		// shim start and setup success, create process state
-	}
-
-	// start shim
-	verbose.Println("starting shim as target user:", a.cmd)
-	if err := a.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-			"cannot start process:")
-	}
-	startTime := time.Now().UTC()
-
-	// create process state
 		sd := state.State{
-		PID:        a.cmd.Process.Pid,
+			PID:        a.shim.Unwrap().Process.Pid,
 			Command:    a.seal.command,
 			Capability: a.seal.et,
-		Launcher:   a.seal.toolPath,
+			Method:     method[a.seal.launchOption],
-		Argv:       a.cmd.Args,
+			Argv:       a.shim.Unwrap().Args,
-		Time:       startTime,
+			Time:       *startTime,
 		}
 
 		// register process state
-	var err = new(StateStoreError)
+		var err0 = new(StateStoreError)
-	err.Inner, err.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(func(b state.Backend) {
+		err0.Inner, err0.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(func(b state.Backend) {
-		err.InnerErr = b.Save(&sd)
+			err0.InnerErr = b.Save(&sd)
 		})
-	return err.equiv("cannot save process state:")
+		a.seal.sys.saveState = true
+		return err0.equiv("cannot save process state:")
+	}
 }
 
 // StateStoreError is returned for a failed state save
@@ -120,7 +108,7 @@ type StateStoreError struct {
 }
 
 func (e *StateStoreError) equiv(a ...any) error {
-	if e.Inner == true && e.DoErr == nil && e.InnerErr == nil && e.Err == nil {
+	if e.Inner && e.DoErr == nil && e.InnerErr == nil && e.Err == nil {
 		return nil
 	} else {
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(e, a...)
@@ -166,29 +154,40 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 	a.lock.Lock()
 	defer a.lock.Unlock()
 
+	if a.shim == nil {
+		fmsg.VPrintln("shim not initialised, skipping cleanup")
+		return 1, nil
+	}
+
 	var r int
 
+	if cmd := a.shim.Unwrap(); cmd == nil {
+		// failure prior to process start
+		r = 255
+	} else {
 		// wait for process and resolve exit code
-	if err := a.cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
 			var exitError *exec.ExitError
 			if !errors.As(err, &exitError) {
 				// should be unreachable
-			a.wait = err
+				a.waitErr = err
 			}
 
 			// store non-zero return code
 			r = exitError.ExitCode()
 		} else {
-		r = a.cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+			r = cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+		}
+		fmsg.VPrintf("process %d exited with exit code %d", cmd.Process.Pid, r)
 	}
 
-	verbose.Println("process", strconv.Itoa(a.cmd.Process.Pid), "exited with exit code", r)
+	// child process exited, resume output
+	fmsg.Resume()
 
 	// close wayland connection
-	if a.wayland != nil {
+	if a.seal.wl != nil {
-		close(a.seal.wlDone)
+		if err := a.seal.wl.Close(); err != nil {
-		if err := a.wayland.Close(); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Println("cannot close wayland connection:", err)
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot close wayland connection:", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -197,9 +196,11 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 	e.Inner, e.DoErr = a.seal.store.Do(func(b state.Backend) {
 		e.InnerErr = func() error {
 			// destroy defunct state entry
-			if err := b.Destroy(a.cmd.Process.Pid); err != nil {
+			if cmd := a.shim.Unwrap(); cmd != nil && a.seal.sys.saveState {
+				if err := b.Destroy(cmd.Process.Pid); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
+			}
 
 			// enablements of remaining launchers
 			rt, ec := new(system.Enablements), new(system.Criteria)
@@ -210,10 +211,10 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 			} else {
 				if l := len(states); l == 0 {
 					// cleanup globals as the final launcher
-					verbose.Println("no other launchers active, will clean up globals")
+					fmsg.VPrintln("no other launchers active, will clean up globals")
 					ec.Set(system.User)
 				} else {
-					verbose.Printf("found %d active launchers, cleaning up without globals\n", l)
+					fmsg.VPrintf("found %d active launchers, cleaning up without globals", l)
 				}
 
 				// accumulate capabilities of other launchers
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 					ec.Set(i)
 				}
 			}
-			if verbose.Get() {
+			if fmsg.Verbose() {
 				labels := make([]string, 0, system.ELen+1)
 				for i := system.Enablement(0); i < system.Enablement(system.ELen+2); i++ {
 					if ec.Has(i) {
@@ -235,10 +236,11 @@ func (a *app) Wait() (int, error) {
 					}
 				}
 				if len(labels) > 0 {
-					verbose.Println("reverting operations labelled", strings.Join(labels, ", "))
+					fmsg.VPrintln("reverting operations labelled", strings.Join(labels, ", "))
 				}
 			}
 
+			a.shim.AbortWait(errors.New("shim exited"))
 			if err := a.seal.sys.Revert(ec); err != nil {
 				return err.(RevertCompoundError)
 			}

internal/app/system.go

@@ -3,54 +3,12 @@ package app
 import (
 	"os/user"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
-// appSeal seals the application with child-related information
-type appSeal struct {
-	// application unique identifier
-	id *appID
-	// wayland socket path if mediated wayland is enabled
-	wl string
-	// wait for wayland client to exit if mediated wayland is enabled,
-	// (wlDone == nil) determines whether mediated wayland setup is performed
-	wlDone chan struct{}
-
-	// freedesktop application ID
-	fid string
-	// argv to start process with in the final confined environment
-	command []string
-	// persistent process state store
-	store state.Store
-
-	// uint8 representation of launch method sealed from config
-	launchOption uint8
-	// process-specific share directory path
-	share string
-	// process-specific share directory path local to XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
-	shareLocal string
-
-	// path to launcher program
-	toolPath string
-	// pass-through enablement tracking from config
-	et system.Enablements
-
-	// prevents sharing from happening twice
-	shared bool
-	// seal system-level component
-	sys *appSealSys
-
-	// used in various sealing operations
-	internal.SystemConstants
-
-	// protected by upstream mutex
-}
-
 // appSealSys encapsulates app seal behaviour with OS interactions
 type appSealSys struct {
 	bwrap *bwrap.Config
@@ -64,26 +22,27 @@ type appSealSys struct {
 	// target user sealed from config
 	user *user.User
 
+	needRevert bool
+	saveState  bool
 	*system.I
 
 	// protected by upstream mutex
 }
 
 // shareAll calls all share methods in sequence
-func (seal *appSeal) shareAll(bus [2]*dbus.Config) error {
+func (seal *appSeal) shareAll(bus [2]*dbus.Config, os internal.System) error {
 	if seal.shared {
 		panic("seal shared twice")
 	}
 	seal.shared = true
 
-	targetTmpdir := seal.shareTmpdirChild()
-	verbose.Printf("child tmpdir %q configured\n", targetTmpdir)
-	seal.shareRuntime()
 	seal.shareSystem()
-	if err := seal.shareDisplay(); err != nil {
+	seal.shareRuntime()
+	seal.sharePasswd(os)
+	if err := seal.shareDisplay(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := seal.sharePulse(); err != nil {
+	if err := seal.sharePulse(os); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

internal/early.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
-	"os"
-)
-
-const (
-	systemdCheckPath = "/run/systemd/system"
-)
-
-var SdBootedV = func() bool {
-	if v, err := SdBooted(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("warn: read systemd marker:", err)
-		return false
-	} else {
-		return v
-	}
-}()
-
-// SdBooted implements https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_booted.html
-func SdBooted() (bool, error) {
-	_, err := os.Stat(systemdCheckPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
-			err = nil
-		}
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}

internal/environ.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-// state that remain constant for the lifetime of the process
-// fetched and cached here
-
-const (
-	xdgRuntimeDir = "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
-)
-
-// SystemConstants contains state from the operating system
-type SystemConstants struct {
-	// path to shared directory e.g. /tmp/fortify.%d
-	SharePath string `json:"share_path"`
-	// XDG_RUNTIME_DIR value e.g. /run/user/%d
-	RuntimePath string `json:"runtime_path"`
-	// application runtime directory e.g. /run/user/%d/fortify
-	RunDirPath string `json:"run_dir_path"`
-}
-
-var (
-	scVal  SystemConstants
-	scOnce sync.Once
-)
-
-func copySC() {
-	sc := SystemConstants{
-		SharePath: path.Join(os.TempDir(), "fortify."+strconv.Itoa(os.Geteuid())),
-	}
-
-	verbose.Println("process share directory at", sc.SharePath)
-
-	// runtimePath, runDirPath
-	if r, ok := os.LookupEnv(xdgRuntimeDir); !ok {
-		fmt.Println("Env variable", xdgRuntimeDir, "unset")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	} else {
-		sc.RuntimePath = r
-		sc.RunDirPath = path.Join(sc.RuntimePath, "fortify")
-		verbose.Println("XDG runtime directory at", sc.RunDirPath)
-	}
-
-	scVal = sc
-}
-
-// GetSC returns a populated SystemConstants value
-func GetSC() SystemConstants {
-	scOnce.Do(copySC)
-	return scVal
-}

internal/fmsg/defer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package fmsg
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+var (
+	wstate   atomic.Bool
+	withhold = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	msgbuf   = make(chan dOp, 64) // these ops are tiny so a large buffer is allocated for withholding output
+
+	dequeueOnce sync.Once
+	queueSync   sync.WaitGroup
+)
+
+func dequeue() {
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case op := <-msgbuf:
+				op.Do()
+				queueSync.Done()
+			case <-withhold:
+				<-withhold
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+type dOp interface{ Do() }
+
+func Exit(code int) {
+	queueSync.Wait()
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
+
+func Withhold() {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	if wstate.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		withhold <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func Resume() {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	if wstate.CompareAndSwap(true, false) {
+		withhold <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+type dPrint []any
+
+func (v dPrint) Do() {
+	std.Print(v...)
+}
+
+type dPrintf struct {
+	format string
+	v      []any
+}
+
+func (d *dPrintf) Do() {
+	std.Printf(d.format, d.v...)
+}
+
+type dPrintln []any
+
+func (v dPrintln) Do() {
+	std.Println(v...)
+}

internal/fmsg/fmsg.go

@@ -1,2 +1,43 @@
 // Package fmsg provides various functions for output messages.
 package fmsg
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+)
+
+var std = log.New(os.Stderr, "fortify: ", 0)
+
+func SetPrefix(prefix string) {
+	prefix += ": "
+	std.SetPrefix(prefix)
+	std.SetPrefix(prefix)
+}
+
+func Print(v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queueSync.Add(1)
+	msgbuf <- dPrint(v)
+}
+
+func Printf(format string, v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queueSync.Add(1)
+	msgbuf <- &dPrintf{format, v}
+}
+
+func Println(v ...any) {
+	dequeueOnce.Do(dequeue)
+	queueSync.Add(1)
+	msgbuf <- dPrintln(v)
+}
+
+func Fatal(v ...any) {
+	Print(v...)
+	Exit(1)
+}
+
+func Fatalf(format string, v ...any) {
+	Printf(format, v...)
+	Exit(1)
+}

internal/fmsg/verbose.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package fmsg
+
+import "sync/atomic"
+
+var verbose = new(atomic.Bool)
+
+func Verbose() bool {
+	return verbose.Load()
+}
+
+func SetVerbose(v bool) {
+	verbose.Store(v)
+}
+
+func VPrintf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if verbose.Load() {
+		Printf(format, v...)
+	}
+}
+
+func VPrintln(v ...any) {
+	if verbose.Load() {
+		Println(v...)
+	}
+}

internal/init/main.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/gob"
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -25,49 +24,46 @@ const (
 // proceed with caution!
 
 func doInit(fd uintptr) {
+	fmsg.SetPrefix("init")
+
 	// re-exec
 	if len(os.Args) > 0 && os.Args[0] != "fortify" && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
 		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"fortify", "init"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot re-exec self:", err)
+			fmsg.Println("cannot re-exec self:", err)
 			// continue anyway
 		}
 	}
 
-	verbose.Prefix = "fortify-init:"
-
 	var payload Payload
 	p := os.NewFile(fd, "config-stream")
 	if p == nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: invalid config descriptor")
+		fmsg.Fatal("invalid config descriptor")
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	if err := gob.NewDecoder(p).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot decode init payload:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot decode init payload:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
 		// sharing stdout with parent
 		// USE WITH CAUTION
-		verbose.Set(payload.Verbose)
+		fmsg.SetVerbose(payload.Verbose)
 
 		// child does not need to see this
 		if err = os.Unsetenv(EnvInit); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot unset", EnvInit+":", err)
+			fmsg.Println("cannot unset", EnvInit+":", err)
 			// not fatal
 		} else {
-			verbose.Println("received configuration")
+			fmsg.VPrintln("received configuration")
 		}
 	}
 
 	// close config fd
 	if err := p.Close(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: cannot close config fd:", err)
+		fmsg.Println("cannot close config fd:", err)
 		// not fatal
 	}
 
 	// die with parent
 	if _, _, errno := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, uintptr(syscall.SIGKILL), 0); errno != 0 {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-init: prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL):", errno.Error())
+		fmsg.Fatal("prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL):", errno.Error())
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	cmd := exec.Command(payload.Argv0)
@@ -84,8 +80,7 @@ func doInit(fd uintptr) {
 	}
 
 	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("fortify-init: cannot start %q: %v", payload.Argv0, err)
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot start %q: %v", payload.Argv0, err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
@@ -121,7 +116,7 @@ func doInit(fd uintptr) {
 			}
 		}
 		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ECHILD) {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: unexpected wait4 response:", err)
+			fmsg.Println("unexpected wait4 response:", err)
 		}
 
 		close(done)
@@ -133,8 +128,8 @@ func doInit(fd uintptr) {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case s := <-sig:
-			verbose.Println("received", s.String())
+			fmsg.VPrintln("received", s.String())
-			os.Exit(0)
+			fmsg.Exit(0)
 		case w := <-info:
 			if w.wpid == cmd.Process.Pid {
 				switch {
@@ -152,10 +147,10 @@ func doInit(fd uintptr) {
 				}()
 			}
 		case <-done:
-			os.Exit(r)
+			fmsg.Exit(r)
 		case <-timeout:
-			fmt.Println("fortify-init: timeout exceeded waiting for lingering processes")
+			fmsg.Println("timeout exceeded waiting for lingering processes")
-			os.Exit(r)
+			fmsg.Exit(r)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -169,8 +164,7 @@ func Try() {
 	if args := flag.Args(); len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "init" {
 		if s, ok := os.LookupEnv(EnvInit); ok {
 			if fd, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("fortify-init: cannot parse %q: %v", s, err)
+				fmsg.Fatalf("cannot parse %q: %v", s, err)
-				os.Exit(1)
 			} else {
 				doInit(uintptr(fd))
 			}

internal/shim/main.go

@@ -4,37 +4,36 @@ import (
 	"encoding/gob"
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"strconv"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	init0 "git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/init"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	init0 "git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/init"
 )
 
 // everything beyond this point runs as target user
 // proceed with caution!
 
 func doShim(socket string) {
+	fmsg.SetPrefix("shim")
+
 	// re-exec
 	if len(os.Args) > 0 && os.Args[0] != "fortify" && path.IsAbs(os.Args[0]) {
 		if err := syscall.Exec(os.Args[0], []string{"fortify", "shim"}, os.Environ()); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot re-exec self:", err)
+			fmsg.Println("cannot re-exec self:", err)
 			// continue anyway
 		}
 	}
 
-	verbose.Prefix = "fortify-shim:"
-
 	// dial setup socket
 	var conn *net.UnixConn
 	if c, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, &net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot dial setup socket:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot dial setup socket:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		panic("unreachable")
 	} else {
 		conn = c
 	}
@@ -42,25 +41,22 @@ func doShim(socket string) {
 	// decode payload gob stream
 	var payload Payload
 	if err := gob.NewDecoder(conn).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot decode shim payload:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot decode shim payload:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
 		// sharing stdout with parent
 		// USE WITH CAUTION
-		verbose.Set(payload.Verbose)
+		fmsg.SetVerbose(payload.Verbose)
 	}
 
 	if payload.Bwrap == nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: bwrap config not supplied")
+		fmsg.Fatal("bwrap config not supplied")
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
 	// receive wayland fd over socket
 	wfd := -1
 	if payload.WL {
 		if fd, err := receiveWLfd(conn); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot receive wayland fd:", err)
+			fmsg.Fatal("cannot receive wayland fd:", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
 		} else {
 			wfd = fd
 		}
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ func doShim(socket string) {
 
 	// close setup socket
 	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot close setup socket:", err)
+		fmsg.Println("cannot close setup socket:", err)
 		// not fatal
 	}
 
@@ -83,8 +79,7 @@ func doShim(socket string) {
 		// no argv, look up shell instead
 		var ok bool
 		if ic.Argv0, ok = os.LookupEnv("SHELL"); !ok {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: no command was specified and $SHELL was unset")
+			fmsg.Fatal("no command was specified and $SHELL was unset")
-			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
 		ic.Argv = []string{ic.Argv0}
@@ -106,46 +101,42 @@ func doShim(socket string) {
 
 	// share config pipe
 	if r, w, err := os.Pipe(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot pipe:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot pipe:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
 		conf.SetEnv[init0.EnvInit] = strconv.Itoa(3 + len(extraFiles))
 		extraFiles = append(extraFiles, r)
 
-		verbose.Println("transmitting config to init")
+		fmsg.VPrintln("transmitting config to init")
 		go func() {
 			// stream config to pipe
 			if err = gob.NewEncoder(w).Encode(&ic); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot transmit init config:", err)
+				fmsg.Fatal("cannot transmit init config:", err)
-				os.Exit(1)
 			}
 		}()
 	}
 
 	helper.BubblewrapName = payload.Exec[1] // resolved bwrap path by parent
 	if b, err := helper.NewBwrap(conf, nil, payload.Exec[0], func(int, int) []string { return []string{"init"} }); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify-shim: malformed sandbox config:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("malformed sandbox config:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
 		cmd := b.Unwrap()
 		cmd.Stdin, cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
 		cmd.ExtraFiles = extraFiles
 
-		if verbose.Get() {
+		if fmsg.Verbose() {
-			verbose.Println("bwrap args:", conf.Args())
+			fmsg.VPrintln("bwrap args:", conf.Args())
 		}
 
 		// run and pass through exit code
 		if err = b.Start(); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify-shim: cannot start target process:", err)
+			fmsg.Fatal("cannot start target process:", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
 		} else if err = b.Wait(); err != nil {
-			verbose.Println("wait:", err)
+			fmsg.VPrintln("wait:", err)
 		}
 		if b.Unwrap().ProcessState != nil {
-			os.Exit(b.Unwrap().ProcessState.ExitCode())
+			fmsg.Exit(b.Unwrap().ProcessState.ExitCode())
 		} else {
-			os.Exit(127)
+			fmsg.Exit(127)
 		}
 	}
 }

internal/shim/parent.go

@@ -1,84 +1,200 @@
 package shim
 
 import (
-	"encoding/gob"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
+	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
-// called in the parent process
+// used by the parent process
 
-func ServeConfig(socket string, uid int, payload *Payload, wl string, done chan struct{}) (*net.UnixConn, error) {
+type Shim struct {
-	var ws *net.UnixConn
+	// user switcher process
-	if payload.WL {
+	cmd *exec.Cmd
-		if f, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, &net.UnixAddr{Name: wl, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
+	// uid of shim target user
-			return nil, err
+	uid uint32
-		} else {
+	// whether to check shim pid
-			verbose.Println("connected to wayland at", wl)
+	checkPid bool
-			ws = f
+	// user switcher executable path
-		}
+	executable string
-	}
+	// path to setup socket
-
+	socket string
-	if c, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: socket, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
+	// shim setup abort reason and completion
-		return nil, err
+	abort     chan error
-	} else {
+	abortErr  atomic.Pointer[error]
-		verbose.Println("configuring shim on socket", socket)
+	abortOnce sync.Once
-		if err = acl.UpdatePerm(socket, uid, acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute); err != nil {
+	// wayland mediation, nil if disabled
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot change permissions of shim setup socket:", err)
+	wl *Wayland
-		}
+	// shim setup payload
-
+	payload *Payload
-		go func() {
+}
-			var conn *net.UnixConn
+
-			if conn, err = c.AcceptUnix(); err != nil {
+func New(executable string, uid uint32, socket string, wl *Wayland, payload *Payload, checkPid bool) *Shim {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot accept connection from shim:", err)
+	return &Shim{uid: uid, executable: executable, socket: socket, wl: wl, payload: payload, checkPid: checkPid}
-			} else {
+}
-				if err = gob.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(*payload); err != nil {
+
-					fmt.Println("fortify: cannot stream shim payload:", err)
+func (s *Shim) String() string {
-					_ = os.Remove(socket)
+	if s.cmd == nil {
-					return
+		return "(unused shim manager)"
-				}
+	}
-
+	return s.cmd.String()
-				if payload.WL {
+}
-					// get raw connection
+
-					var rc syscall.RawConn
+func (s *Shim) Unwrap() *exec.Cmd {
-					if rc, err = ws.SyscallConn(); err != nil {
+	return s.cmd
-						fmt.Println("fortify: cannot obtain raw wayland connection:", err)
+}
-						return
+
-					} else {
+func (s *Shim) Abort(err error) {
-						go func() {
+	s.abortOnce.Do(func() {
-							// pass wayland socket fd
+		s.abortErr.Store(&err)
-							if err = rc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		// s.abort is buffered so this will never block
-								if _, _, err = conn.WriteMsgUnix(nil, syscall.UnixRights(int(fd)), nil); err != nil {
+		s.abort <- err
-									fmt.Println("fortify: cannot pass wayland connection to shim:", err)
+	})
-									return
+}
-								}
+
-								_ = conn.Close()
+func (s *Shim) AbortWait(err error) {
-
+	s.Abort(err)
-								// block until shim exits
+	<-s.abort
-								<-done
+}
-								verbose.Println("releasing wayland connection")
+
-							}); err != nil {
+type CommandBuilder func(shimEnv string) (args []string)
-								fmt.Println("fortify: cannot obtain wayland connection fd:", err)
+
-							}
+func (s *Shim) Start(f CommandBuilder) (*time.Time, error) {
-						}()
+	var (
-					}
+		cf     chan *net.UnixConn
-				} else {
+		accept func()
-					_ = conn.Close()
+	)
-				}
+
-			}
+	// listen on setup socket
-			if err = c.Close(); err != nil {
+	if c, a, err := s.serve(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot close shim socket:", err)
+		return nil, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
-			}
+			"cannot listen on shim setup socket:")
-			if err = os.Remove(socket); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	} else {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling shim socket:", err)
+		// accepts a connection after each call to accept
-			}
+		// connections are sent to the channel cf
-		}()
+		cf, accept = c, a
-		return ws, nil
+	}
-	}
+
+	// start user switcher process and save time
+	s.cmd = exec.Command(s.executable, f(EnvShim+"="+s.socket)...)
+	s.cmd.Env = []string{}
+	s.cmd.Stdin, s.cmd.Stdout, s.cmd.Stderr = os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr
+	s.cmd.Dir = "/"
+	fmsg.VPrintln("starting shim via user switcher:", s.cmd)
+	fmsg.Withhold() // withhold messages to stderr
+	if err := s.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+			"cannot start user switcher:")
+	}
+	startTime := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	// kill shim if something goes wrong and an error is returned
+	killShim := func() {
+		if err := s.cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Println("cannot terminate shim on faulted setup:", err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() { killShim() }()
+
+	accept()
+	conn := <-cf
+	if conn == nil {
+		return &startTime, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(*s.abortErr.Load(), "cannot accept call on setup socket:")
+	}
+
+	// authenticate against called provided uid and shim pid
+	if cred, err := peerCred(conn); err != nil {
+		return &startTime, fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(*s.abortErr.Load(), "cannot retrieve shim credentials:")
+	} else if cred.Uid != s.uid {
+		fmsg.Printf("process %d owned by user %d tried to connect, expecting %d",
+			cred.Pid, cred.Uid, s.uid)
+		err = errors.New("compromised fortify build")
+		s.Abort(err)
+		return &startTime, err
+	} else if s.checkPid && cred.Pid != int32(s.cmd.Process.Pid) {
+		fmsg.Printf("process %d tried to connect to shim setup socket, expecting shim %d",
+			cred.Pid, s.cmd.Process.Pid)
+		err = errors.New("compromised target user")
+		s.Abort(err)
+		return &startTime, err
+	}
+
+	// serve payload and wayland fd if enabled
+	// this also closes the connection
+	err := s.payload.serve(conn, s.wl)
+	if err == nil {
+		killShim = func() {}
+	}
+	s.Abort(err) // aborting with nil indicates success
+	return &startTime, err
+}
+
+func (s *Shim) serve() (chan *net.UnixConn, func(), error) {
+	if s.abort != nil {
+		panic("attempted to serve shim setup twice")
+	}
+	s.abort = make(chan error, 1)
+
+	cf := make(chan *net.UnixConn)
+	accept := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+
+	if l, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", &net.UnixAddr{Name: s.socket, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else {
+		l.SetUnlinkOnClose(true)
+
+		fmsg.VPrintf("listening on shim setup socket %q", s.socket)
+		if err = acl.UpdatePerm(s.socket, int(s.uid), acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute); err != nil {
+			fmsg.Println("cannot append ACL entry to shim setup socket:", err)
+			s.Abort(err) // ensures setup socket cleanup
+		}
+
+		go func() {
+			for {
+				select {
+				case err = <-s.abort:
+					if err != nil {
+						fmsg.VPrintln("aborting shim setup, reason:", err)
+					}
+					if err = l.Close(); err != nil {
+						fmsg.Println("cannot close setup socket:", err)
+					}
+					close(s.abort)
+					close(cf)
+					return
+				case <-accept:
+					if conn, err0 := l.AcceptUnix(); err0 != nil {
+						s.Abort(err0) // does not block, breaks loop
+						cf <- nil     // receiver sees nil value and loads err0 stored during abort
+					} else {
+						cf <- conn
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	return cf, func() { accept <- struct{}{} }, nil
+}
+
+// peerCred fetches peer credentials of conn
+func peerCred(conn *net.UnixConn) (ucred *syscall.Ucred, err error) {
+	var raw syscall.RawConn
+	if raw, err = conn.SyscallConn(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	err0 := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		ucred, err = syscall.GetsockoptUcred(int(fd), syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_PEERCRED)
+	})
+	err = errors.Join(err, err0)
+	return
 }

internal/shim/payload.go

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 package shim
 
-import "git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+import (
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
 
 const EnvShim = "FORTIFY_SHIM"
 
@@ -17,3 +24,19 @@ type Payload struct {
 	// verbosity pass through
 	Verbose bool
 }
+
+func (p *Payload) serve(conn *net.UnixConn, wl *Wayland) error {
+	if err := gob.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(*p); err != nil {
+		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+			"cannot stream shim payload:")
+	}
+
+	if wl != nil {
+		if err := wl.WriteUnix(conn); err != nil {
+			return errors.Join(err, conn.Close())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(conn.Close(),
+		"cannot close setup connection:")
+}

internal/shim/wayland.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package shim
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+// Wayland implements wayland mediation.
+type Wayland struct {
+	// wayland socket path
+	Path string
+
+	// wayland connection
+	conn *net.UnixConn
+
+	connErr error
+	sync.Once
+	// wait for wayland client to exit
+	done chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (wl *Wayland) WriteUnix(conn *net.UnixConn) error {
+	// connect to host wayland socket
+	if f, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, &net.UnixAddr{Name: wl.Path, Net: "unix"}); err != nil {
+		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
+			fmt.Sprintf("cannot connect to wayland at %q:", wl.Path))
+	} else {
+		fmsg.VPrintf("connected to wayland at %q", wl.Path)
+		wl.conn = f
+	}
+
+	// set up for passing wayland socket
+	if rc, err := wl.conn.SyscallConn(); err != nil {
+		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err, "cannot obtain raw wayland connection:")
+	} else {
+		ec := make(chan error)
+		go func() {
+			// pass wayland connection fd
+			if err = rc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				if _, _, err = conn.WriteMsgUnix(nil, syscall.UnixRights(int(fd)), nil); err != nil {
+					ec <- fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err, "cannot pass wayland connection to shim:")
+					return
+				}
+				ec <- nil
+
+				// block until shim exits
+				<-wl.done
+				fmsg.VPrintln("releasing wayland connection")
+			}); err != nil {
+				ec <- fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err, "cannot obtain wayland connection fd:")
+				return
+			}
+		}()
+		return <-ec
+	}
+}
+
+func (wl *Wayland) Close() error {
+	wl.Do(func() {
+		close(wl.done)
+		wl.connErr = wl.conn.Close()
+	})
+
+	return wl.connErr
+}
+
+func NewWayland() *Wayland {
+	wl := new(Wayland)
+	wl.done = make(chan struct{})
+	return wl
+}

internal/state/print.go

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 // MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal prints active launcher states of all simple stores
@@ -21,19 +21,18 @@ func MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal(w **tabwriter.Writer, runDir string) {
 
 	// read runtime directory to get all UIDs
 	if dirs, err := os.ReadDir(path.Join(runDir, "state")); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		fmt.Println("cannot read runtime directory:", err)
+		fmsg.Fatal("cannot read runtime directory:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	} else {
 		for _, e := range dirs {
 			// skip non-directories
 			if !e.IsDir() {
-				verbose.Println("skipped non-directory entry", e.Name())
+				fmsg.VPrintf("skipped non-directory entry %q", e.Name())
 				continue
 			}
 
 			// skip non-numerical names
 			if _, err = strconv.Atoi(e.Name()); err != nil {
-				verbose.Println("skipped non-uid entry", e.Name())
+				fmsg.VPrintf("skipped non-uid entry %q", e.Name())
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ func MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal(w **tabwriter.Writer, runDir string) {
 
 			// mustPrintLauncherState causes store activity so store needs to be closed
 			if err = s.Close(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("warn: error closing store for user %s: %s\n", e.Name(), err)
+				fmsg.Printf("cannot close store for user %q: %s", e.Name(), err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -67,8 +66,8 @@ func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time
 				*w = tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 1, 4, ' ', 0)
 
 				// write header when initialising
-				if !verbose.Get() {
+				if !fmsg.Verbose() {
-					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tUID\tPID\tUptime\tEnablements\tLauncher\tCommand")
+					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tUID\tPID\tUptime\tEnablements\tMethod\tCommand")
 				} else {
 					// argv is emitted in body when verbose
 					_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(*w, "\tUID\tPID\tArgv")
@@ -96,9 +95,9 @@ func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time
 					ets.WriteString("(No enablements)")
 				}
 
-				if !verbose.Get() {
+				if !fmsg.Verbose() {
 					_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(*w, "\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
-						s.path[len(s.path)-1], state.PID, now.Sub(state.Time).Round(time.Second).String(), strings.TrimPrefix(ets.String(), ", "), state.Launcher,
+						s.path[len(s.path)-1], state.PID, now.Sub(state.Time).Round(time.Second).String(), strings.TrimPrefix(ets.String(), ", "), state.Method,
 						state.Command)
 				} else {
 					// emit argv instead when verbose
@@ -110,15 +109,13 @@ func (s *simpleStore) mustPrintLauncherState(w **tabwriter.Writer, now time.Time
 			return nil
 		}()
 	}); err != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("cannot perform action on store '%s': %s\n", path.Join(s.path...), err)
+		fmsg.Printf("cannot perform action on store %q: %s", path.Join(s.path...), err)
 		if !ok {
-			fmt.Println("warn: store faulted before printing")
+			fmsg.Fatal("store faulted before printing")
-			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if innerErr != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("cannot print launcher state for store '%s': %s\n", path.Join(s.path...), innerErr)
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot print launcher state for store %q: %s", path.Join(s.path...), innerErr)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }

internal/state/state.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package state
 import (
 	"time"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 type Store interface {
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ type State struct {
 	// capability enablements applied to child
 	Capability system.Enablements
 
-	// resolved launcher path
+	// user switch method
-	Launcher string
+	Method string
 	// full argv whe launching
 	Argv []string
 	// process start time

internal/system.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+)
+
+// System provides safe access to operating system resources.
+type System interface {
+	// Geteuid provides [os.Geteuid].
+	Geteuid() int
+	// LookupEnv provides [os.LookupEnv].
+	LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool)
+	// TempDir provides [os.TempDir].
+	TempDir() string
+	// LookPath provides [exec.LookPath].
+	LookPath(file string) (string, error)
+	// Executable provides [os.Executable].
+	Executable() (string, error)
+	// Lookup provides [user.Lookup].
+	Lookup(username string) (*user.User, error)
+	// ReadDir provides [os.ReadDir].
+	ReadDir(name string) ([]fs.DirEntry, error)
+	// Stat provides [os.Stat].
+	Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error)
+	// Open provides [os.Open]
+	Open(name string) (fs.File, error)
+	// Exit provides [os.Exit].
+	Exit(code int)
+
+	// Paths returns a populated [Paths] struct.
+	Paths() Paths
+	// SdBooted implements https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_booted.html
+	SdBooted() bool
+}
+
+// Paths contains environment dependent paths used by fortify.
+type Paths struct {
+	// path to shared directory e.g. /tmp/fortify.%d
+	SharePath string `json:"share_path"`
+	// XDG_RUNTIME_DIR value e.g. /run/user/%d
+	RuntimePath string `json:"runtime_path"`
+	// application runtime directory e.g. /run/user/%d/fortify
+	RunDirPath string `json:"run_dir_path"`
+}
+
+// CopyPaths is a generic implementation of [System.Paths].
+func CopyPaths(os System, v *Paths) {
+	v.SharePath = path.Join(os.TempDir(), "fortify."+strconv.Itoa(os.Geteuid()))
+
+	fmsg.VPrintf("process share directory at %q", v.SharePath)
+
+	if r, ok := os.LookupEnv(xdgRuntimeDir); !ok || r == "" || !path.IsAbs(r) {
+		// fall back to path in share since fortify has no hard XDG dependency
+		v.RunDirPath = path.Join(v.SharePath, "run")
+		v.RuntimePath = path.Join(v.RunDirPath, "compat")
+	} else {
+		v.RuntimePath = r
+		v.RunDirPath = path.Join(v.RuntimePath, "fortify")
+	}
+
+	fmsg.VPrintf("runtime directory at %q", v.RunDirPath)
+}
+
+// Std implements System using the standard library.
+type Std struct {
+	paths     Paths
+	pathsOnce sync.Once
+
+	sdBooted     bool
+	sdBootedOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+func (s *Std) Geteuid() int                               { return os.Geteuid() }
+func (s *Std) LookupEnv(key string) (string, bool)        { return os.LookupEnv(key) }
+func (s *Std) TempDir() string                            { return os.TempDir() }
+func (s *Std) LookPath(file string) (string, error)       { return exec.LookPath(file) }
+func (s *Std) Executable() (string, error)                { return os.Executable() }
+func (s *Std) Lookup(username string) (*user.User, error) { return user.Lookup(username) }
+func (s *Std) ReadDir(name string) ([]os.DirEntry, error) { return os.ReadDir(name) }
+func (s *Std) Stat(name string) (fs.FileInfo, error)      { return os.Stat(name) }
+func (s *Std) Open(name string) (fs.File, error)          { return os.Open(name) }
+func (s *Std) Exit(code int)                              { fmsg.Exit(code) }
+
+const xdgRuntimeDir = "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"
+
+func (s *Std) Paths() Paths {
+	s.pathsOnce.Do(func() { CopyPaths(s, &s.paths) })
+	return s.paths
+}
+
+func (s *Std) SdBooted() bool {
+	s.sdBootedOnce.Do(func() { s.sdBooted = copySdBooted() })
+	return s.sdBooted
+}
+
+const systemdCheckPath = "/run/systemd/system"
+
+func copySdBooted() bool {
+	if v, err := sdBooted(); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Println("cannot read systemd marker:", err)
+		return false
+	} else {
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func sdBooted() (bool, error) {
+	_, err := os.Stat(systemdCheckPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			err = nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}

internal/system/acl.go

@@ -4,28 +4,31 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 // UpdatePerm appends an ephemeral acl update Op.
-func (sys *I) UpdatePerm(path string, perms ...acl.Perm) {
+func (sys *I) UpdatePerm(path string, perms ...acl.Perm) *I {
 	sys.UpdatePermType(Process, path, perms...)
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 // UpdatePermType appends an acl update Op.
-func (sys *I) UpdatePermType(et Enablement, path string, perms ...acl.Perm) {
+func (sys *I) UpdatePermType(et Enablement, path string, perms ...acl.Perm) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &ACL{et, path, perms})
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 type ACL struct {
 	et    Enablement
 	path  string
-	perms []acl.Perm
+	perms acl.Perms
 }
 
 func (a *ACL) Type() Enablement {
@@ -33,18 +36,18 @@ func (a *ACL) Type() Enablement {
 }
 
 func (a *ACL) apply(sys *I) error {
-	verbose.Println("applying ACL", a, "uid:", sys.uid, "type:", TypeString(a.et), "path:", a.path)
+	fmsg.VPrintln("applying ACL", a)
 	return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(acl.UpdatePerm(a.path, sys.uid, a.perms...),
 		fmt.Sprintf("cannot apply ACL entry to %q:", a.path))
 }
 
 func (a *ACL) revert(sys *I, ec *Criteria) error {
 	if ec.hasType(a) {
-		verbose.Println("stripping ACL", a, "uid:", sys.uid, "type:", TypeString(a.et), "path:", a.path)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("stripping ACL", a)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(acl.UpdatePerm(a.path, sys.uid),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot strip ACL entry from %q:", a.path))
 	} else {
-		verbose.Println("skipping ACL", a, "uid:", sys.uid, "tag:", TypeString(a.et), "path:", a.path)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("skipping ACL", a)
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -62,16 +65,6 @@ func (a *ACL) Path() string {
 }
 
 func (a *ACL) String() string {
-	var s = []byte("---")
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s type: %s path: %q",
-	for _, p := range a.perms {
+		a.perms, TypeString(a.et), a.path)
-		switch p {
-		case acl.Read:
-			s[0] = 'r'
-		case acl.Write:
-			s[1] = 'w'
-		case acl.Execute:
-			s[2] = 'x'
-		}
-	}
-	return string(s)
 }

internal/system/acl_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package system
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
 )
 
 func TestUpdatePerm(t *testing.T) {
@@ -49,21 +49,22 @@ func TestUpdatePermType(t *testing.T) {
 func TestACL_String(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		want  string
+		et    Enablement
 		perms []acl.Perm
 	}{
-		{"---", []acl.Perm{}},
+		{`--- type: Process path: "/nonexistent"`, Process, []acl.Perm{}},
-		{"r--", []acl.Perm{acl.Read}},
+		{`r-- type: User path: "/nonexistent"`, User, []acl.Perm{acl.Read}},
-		{"-w-", []acl.Perm{acl.Write}},
+		{`-w- type: Wayland path: "/nonexistent"`, EWayland, []acl.Perm{acl.Write}},
-		{"--x", []acl.Perm{acl.Execute}},
+		{`--x type: X11 path: "/nonexistent"`, EX11, []acl.Perm{acl.Execute}},
-		{"rw-", []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write}},
+		{`rw- type: D-Bus path: "/nonexistent"`, EDBus, []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write}},
-		{"r-x", []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Execute}},
+		{`r-x type: PulseAudio path: "/nonexistent"`, EPulse, []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Execute}},
-		{"rwx", []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute}},
+		{`rwx type: User path: "/nonexistent"`, User, []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Execute}},
-		{"rwx", []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Write, acl.Execute}},
+		{`rwx type: Process path: "/nonexistent"`, Process, []acl.Perm{acl.Read, acl.Write, acl.Write, acl.Execute}},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.want, func(t *testing.T) {
-			a := &ACL{perms: tc.perms}
+			a := &ACL{et: tc.et, perms: tc.perms, path: "/nonexistent"}
 			if got := a.String(); got != tc.want {
 				t.Errorf("String() = %v, want %v",
 					got, tc.want)

internal/system/dbus.go

@@ -2,18 +2,24 @@ package system
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/dbus"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/dbus"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 var (
 	ErrDBusConfig = errors.New("dbus config not supplied")
 )
 
+func (sys *I) MustProxyDBus(sessionPath string, session *dbus.Config, systemPath string, system *dbus.Config) *I {
+	if err := sys.ProxyDBus(session, system, sessionPath, systemPath); err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	} else {
+		return sys
+	}
+}
+
 func (sys *I) ProxyDBus(session, system *dbus.Config, sessionPath, systemPath string) error {
 	d := new(DBus)
 
@@ -42,12 +48,12 @@ func (sys *I) ProxyDBus(session, system *dbus.Config, sessionPath, systemPath st
 	d.proxy = dbus.New(sessionBus, systemBus)
 
 	defer func() {
-		if verbose.Get() && d.proxy.Sealed() {
+		if fmsg.Verbose() && d.proxy.Sealed() {
-			verbose.Println("sealed session proxy", session.Args(sessionBus))
+			fmsg.VPrintln("sealed session proxy", session.Args(sessionBus))
 			if system != nil {
-				verbose.Println("sealed system proxy", system.Args(systemBus))
+				fmsg.VPrintln("sealed system proxy", system.Args(systemBus))
 			}
-			verbose.Println("message bus proxy final args:", d.proxy)
+			fmsg.VPrintln("message bus proxy final args:", d.proxy)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -73,9 +79,9 @@ func (d *DBus) Type() Enablement {
 }
 
 func (d *DBus) apply(_ *I) error {
-	verbose.Printf("session bus proxy on %q for upstream %q\n", d.proxy.Session()[1], d.proxy.Session()[0])
+	fmsg.VPrintf("session bus proxy on %q for upstream %q", d.proxy.Session()[1], d.proxy.Session()[0])
 	if d.system {
-		verbose.Printf("system bus proxy on %q for upstream %q\n", d.proxy.System()[1], d.proxy.System()[0])
+		fmsg.VPrintf("system bus proxy on %q for upstream %q", d.proxy.System()[1], d.proxy.System()[0])
 	}
 
 	// ready channel passed to dbus package
@@ -86,27 +92,27 @@ func (d *DBus) apply(_ *I) error {
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
 			"cannot start message bus proxy:")
 	}
-	verbose.Println("starting message bus proxy:", d.proxy)
+	fmsg.VPrintln("starting message bus proxy:", d.proxy)
-	if verbose.Get() { // save the extra bwrap arg build when verbose logging is off
+	if fmsg.Verbose() { // save the extra bwrap arg build when verbose logging is off
-		verbose.Println("message bus proxy bwrap args:", d.proxy.Bwrap())
+		fmsg.VPrintln("message bus proxy bwrap args:", d.proxy.Bwrap())
 	}
 
 	// background wait for proxy instance and notify completion
 	go func() {
 		if err := d.proxy.Wait(); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: message bus proxy exited with error:", err)
+			fmsg.Println("message bus proxy exited with error:", err)
 			go func() { ready <- err }()
 		} else {
-			verbose.Println("message bus proxy exit")
+			fmsg.VPrintln("message bus proxy exit")
 		}
 
 		// ensure socket removal so ephemeral directory is empty at revert
 		if err := os.Remove(d.proxy.Session()[1]); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling session bus socket:", err)
+			fmsg.Println("cannot remove dangling session bus socket:", err)
 		}
 		if d.system {
 			if err := os.Remove(d.proxy.System()[1]); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: cannot remove dangling system bus socket:", err)
+				fmsg.Println("cannot remove dangling system bus socket:", err)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -120,14 +126,14 @@ func (d *DBus) apply(_ *I) error {
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(err,
 			"message bus proxy fault after start:")
 	}
-	verbose.Println("message bus proxy ready")
+	fmsg.VPrintln("message bus proxy ready")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *DBus) revert(_ *I, _ *Criteria) error {
 	// criteria ignored here since dbus is always process-scoped
-	verbose.Println("terminating message bus proxy")
+	fmsg.VPrintln("terminating message bus proxy")
 
 	if err := d.proxy.Close(); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
@@ -146,7 +152,9 @@ func (d *DBus) revert(_ *I, _ *Criteria) error {
 
 func (d *DBus) Is(o Op) bool {
 	d0, ok := o.(*DBus)
-	return ok && d0 != nil && *d == *d0
+	return ok && d0 != nil &&
+		((d.proxy == nil && d0.proxy == nil) ||
+			(d.proxy != nil && d0.proxy != nil && d.proxy.String() == d0.proxy.String()))
 }
 
 func (d *DBus) Path() string {

internal/system/mkdir.go

@@ -5,24 +5,27 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 // Ensure the existence and mode of a directory.
-func (sys *I) Ensure(name string, perm os.FileMode) {
+func (sys *I) Ensure(name string, perm os.FileMode) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &Mkdir{User, name, perm, false})
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 // Ephemeral ensures the temporary existence and mode of a directory through the life of et.
-func (sys *I) Ephemeral(et Enablement, name string, perm os.FileMode) {
+func (sys *I) Ephemeral(et Enablement, name string, perm os.FileMode) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &Mkdir{et, name, perm, true})
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 type Mkdir struct {
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ func (m *Mkdir) Type() Enablement {
 }
 
 func (m *Mkdir) apply(_ *I) error {
-	verbose.Println("ensuring directory", m)
+	fmsg.VPrintln("ensuring directory", m)
 
 	// create directory
 	err := os.Mkdir(m.path, m.perm)
@@ -58,11 +61,11 @@ func (m *Mkdir) revert(_ *I, ec *Criteria) error {
 	}
 
 	if ec.hasType(m) {
-		verbose.Println("destroying ephemeral directory", m)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("destroying ephemeral directory", m)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(os.Remove(m.path),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove ephemeral directory %q:", m.path))
 	} else {
-		verbose.Println("skipping ephemeral directory", m)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("skipping ephemeral directory", m)
 		return nil
 	}
 }

internal/system/op.go

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ package system
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"sync"
+
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -64,6 +65,20 @@ func (sys *I) UID() int {
 	return sys.uid
 }
 
+func (sys *I) Equal(v *I) bool {
+	if v == nil || sys.uid != v.uid || len(sys.ops) != len(v.ops) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for i, o := range sys.ops {
+		if !o.Is(v.ops[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
 func (sys *I) Commit() error {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
@@ -79,8 +94,9 @@ func (sys *I) Commit() error {
 		// sp is set to nil when all ops are applied
 		if sp != nil {
 			// rollback partial commit
+			fmsg.VPrintf("commit faulted after %d ops, rolling back partial commit", len(sp.ops))
 			if err := sp.Revert(&Criteria{nil}); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("fortify: errors returned reverting partial commit:", err)
+				fmsg.Println("errors returned reverting partial commit:", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}()

internal/system/op_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/system"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/system"
 )
 
 func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
@@ -51,3 +51,79 @@ func TestTypeString(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestI_Equal(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		sys  *system.I
+		v    *system.I
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"simple UID",
+			system.New(150),
+			system.New(150),
+			true,
+		},
+		{
+			"simple UID differ",
+			system.New(150),
+			system.New(151),
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"simple UID nil",
+			system.New(150),
+			nil,
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"op length mismatch",
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos"),
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0755),
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"op value mismatch",
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0644),
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0755),
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"op type mismatch",
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				CopyFile("/tmp/fortify.1971/30c9543e0a2c9621a8bfecb9d874c347/pulse-cookie", "/home/ophestra/xdg/config/pulse/cookie"),
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0755),
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"op equals",
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0755),
+			system.New(150).
+				ChangeHosts("chronos").
+				Ensure("/run", 0755),
+			true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.sys.Equal(tc.v) != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("Equal: got %v; want %v",
+					!tc.want, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/system/tmpfiles.go

@@ -7,50 +7,55 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
 )
 
 // CopyFile registers an Op that copies path dst from src.
-func (sys *I) CopyFile(dst, src string) {
+func (sys *I) CopyFile(dst, src string) *I {
-	sys.CopyFileType(Process, dst, src)
+	return sys.CopyFileType(Process, dst, src)
 }
 
 // CopyFileType registers a file copying Op labelled with type et.
-func (sys *I) CopyFileType(et Enablement, dst, src string) {
+func (sys *I) CopyFileType(et Enablement, dst, src string) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &Tmpfile{et, tmpfileCopy, dst, src})
 	sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.UpdatePermType(et, dst, acl.Read)
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 // Link registers an Op that links dst to src.
-func (sys *I) Link(oldname, newname string) {
+func (sys *I) Link(oldname, newname string) *I {
-	sys.LinkFileType(Process, oldname, newname)
+	return sys.LinkFileType(Process, oldname, newname)
 }
 
 // LinkFileType registers a file linking Op labelled with type et.
-func (sys *I) LinkFileType(et Enablement, oldname, newname string) {
+func (sys *I) LinkFileType(et Enablement, oldname, newname string) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &Tmpfile{et, tmpfileLink, newname, oldname})
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 // Write registers an Op that writes dst with the contents of src.
-func (sys *I) Write(dst, src string) {
+func (sys *I) Write(dst, src string) *I {
-	sys.WriteType(Process, dst, src)
+	return sys.WriteType(Process, dst, src)
 }
 
 // WriteType registers a file writing Op labelled with type et.
-func (sys *I) WriteType(et Enablement, dst, src string) {
+func (sys *I) WriteType(et Enablement, dst, src string) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, &Tmpfile{et, tmpfileWrite, dst, src})
 	sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.UpdatePermType(et, dst, acl.Read)
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 const (
@@ -72,15 +77,15 @@ func (t *Tmpfile) Type() Enablement {
 func (t *Tmpfile) apply(_ *I) error {
 	switch t.method {
 	case tmpfileCopy:
-		verbose.Printf("publishing tmpfile %s\n", t)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("publishing tmpfile", t)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(copyFile(t.dst, t.src),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot copy tmpfile %q:", t.dst))
 	case tmpfileLink:
-		verbose.Printf("linking tmpfile %s\n", t)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("linking tmpfile", t)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(os.Link(t.src, t.dst),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot link tmpfile %q:", t.dst))
 	case tmpfileWrite:
-		verbose.Printf("writing %s\n", t)
+		fmsg.VPrintln("writing", t)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(os.WriteFile(t.dst, []byte(t.src), 0600),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot write tmpfile %q:", t.dst))
 	default:
@@ -90,11 +95,11 @@ func (t *Tmpfile) apply(_ *I) error {
 
 func (t *Tmpfile) revert(_ *I, ec *Criteria) error {
 	if ec.hasType(t) {
-		verbose.Printf("removing tmpfile %q\n", t.dst)
+		fmsg.VPrintf("removing tmpfile %q", t.dst)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(os.Remove(t.dst),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot remove tmpfile %q:", t.dst))
 	} else {
-		verbose.Printf("skipping tmpfile %q\n", t.dst)
+		fmsg.VPrintf("skipping tmpfile %q", t.dst)
 		return nil
 	}
 }

internal/system/tmpfiles_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/acl"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/acl"
 )
 
 func TestCopyFile(t *testing.T) {

internal/system/xhost.go

@@ -3,17 +3,18 @@ package system
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/fmsg"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/xcb"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/xcb"
 )
 
 // ChangeHosts appends an X11 ChangeHosts command Op.
-func (sys *I) ChangeHosts(username string) {
+func (sys *I) ChangeHosts(username string) *I {
 	sys.lock.Lock()
 	defer sys.lock.Unlock()
 
 	sys.ops = append(sys.ops, XHost(username))
+
+	return sys
 }
 
 type XHost string
@@ -23,18 +24,18 @@ func (x XHost) Type() Enablement {
 }
 
 func (x XHost) apply(_ *I) error {
-	verbose.Printf("inserting entry %s to X11\n", x)
+	fmsg.VPrintf("inserting entry %s to X11", x)
 	return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(xcb.ChangeHosts(xcb.HostModeInsert, xcb.FamilyServerInterpreted, "localuser\x00"+string(x)),
 		fmt.Sprintf("cannot insert entry %s to X11:", x))
 }
 
 func (x XHost) revert(_ *I, ec *Criteria) error {
 	if ec.hasType(x) {
-		verbose.Printf("deleting entry %s from X11\n", x)
+		fmsg.VPrintf("deleting entry %s from X11", x)
 		return fmsg.WrapErrorSuffix(xcb.ChangeHosts(xcb.HostModeDelete, xcb.FamilyServerInterpreted, "localuser\x00"+string(x)),
 			fmt.Sprintf("cannot delete entry %s from X11:", x))
 	} else {
-		verbose.Printf("skipping entry %s in X11\n", x)
+		fmsg.VPrintf("skipping entry %s in X11", x)
 		return nil
 	}
 }

internal/verbose/print.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package verbose
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-var Prefix = "fortify:"
-
-func Println(a ...any) {
-	if verbose.Load() {
-		fmt.Println(append([]any{Prefix}, a...)...)
-	}
-}
-
-func Printf(format string, a ...any) {
-	if verbose.Load() {
-		fmt.Printf(Prefix+" "+format, a...)
-	}
-}

internal/verbose/print_test.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package verbose_test
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-const (
-	testVerbose = "GO_TEST_VERBOSE"
-	wantStdout  = "fortify: println\nfortify: printf"
-)
-
-func TestPrinter(t *testing.T) {
-	switch os.Getenv(testVerbose) {
-	case "0":
-		verbose.Set(false)
-	case "1":
-		verbose.Set(true)
-	default:
-		return
-	}
-
-	verbose.Println("println")
-	verbose.Printf("%s", "printf")
-}
-
-func TestPrintf_Println(t *testing.T) {
-	testPrintfPrintln(t, false)
-	testPrintfPrintln(t, true)
-
-	// make -cover happy
-	stdout := os.Stdout
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		os.Stdout = stdout
-	})
-	os.Stdout = nil
-	verbose.Set(true)
-	verbose.Printf("")
-	verbose.Println()
-}
-
-func testPrintfPrintln(t *testing.T, v bool) {
-	t.Run("start verbose printer with verbose "+strconv.FormatBool(v), func(t *testing.T) {
-		stdout, stderr := new(strings.Builder), new(strings.Builder)
-		stdout.Grow(len(wantStdout))
-		cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestPrinter")
-		cmd.Stdout, cmd.Stderr = stdout, stderr
-		if v {
-			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, testVerbose+"=1")
-		} else {
-			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, testVerbose+"=0")
-		}
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-			panic("cannot run printer process: " + err.Error() + " stderr: " + stderr.String())
-		}
-
-		if got := stdout.String(); strings.Contains(got, wantStdout) != v {
-			t.Errorf("Print: got %v; want %t",
-				got, v)
-		}
-	})
-}

internal/verbose/state.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package verbose
-
-import "sync/atomic"
-
-var verbose = new(atomic.Bool)
-
-func Get() bool {
-	return verbose.Load()
-}
-
-func Set(v bool) {
-	verbose.Store(v)
-}

internal/verbose/state_test.go

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package verbose_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
-)
-
-func TestGetSet(t *testing.T) {
-	verbose.Set(false)
-	if verbose.Get() {
-		t.Errorf("Get() = true, want false")
-	}
-
-	verbose.Set(true)
-	if !verbose.Get() {
-		t.Errorf("Get() = false, want true")
-	}
-
-}

ldd/exec.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/helper/bwrap"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/helper/bwrap"
 )
 
 func Exec(p string) ([]*Entry, error) {

ldd/ldd_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/ldd"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/ldd"
 )
 
 func TestParseError(t *testing.T) {

license.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	_ "embed"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 )
 
 var (

main.go

@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/app"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/app"
-	init0 "git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/init"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/shim"
+	init0 "git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/init"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/verbose"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/shim"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -21,17 +19,19 @@ func init() {
 	flag.BoolVar(&flagVerbose, "v", false, "Verbose output")
 }
 
+var os = new(internal.Std)
+
 func main() {
 	// linux/sched/coredump.h
 	if _, _, errno := syscall.RawSyscall(syscall.SYS_PRCTL, syscall.PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0); errno != 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("fortify: cannot set SUID_DUMP_DISABLE: %s", errno.Error())
+		fmsg.Printf("fortify: cannot set SUID_DUMP_DISABLE: %s", errno.Error())
 	}
 
 	flag.Parse()
-	verbose.Set(flagVerbose)
+	fmsg.SetVerbose(flagVerbose)
 
-	if internal.SdBootedV {
+	if os.SdBooted() {
-		verbose.Println("system booted with systemd as init system")
+		fmsg.VPrintln("system booted with systemd as init system")
 	}
 
 	// shim/init early exit
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ func main() {
 	shim.Try()
 
 	// root check
-	if os.Getuid() == 0 {
+	if os.Geteuid() == 0 {
-		fmt.Println("fortify: this program must not run as root")
+		fmsg.Fatal("this program must not run as root")
-		os.Exit(1)
+		panic("unreachable")
 	}
 
 	// version/license/template command early exit
@@ -53,20 +53,26 @@ func main() {
 	tryState()
 
 	// invoke app
-	r := 1
+	a, err := app.New(os)
-	a := app.New()
+	if err != nil {
-	if err := a.Seal(loadConfig()); err != nil {
+		fmsg.Fatalf("cannot create app: %s\n", err)
-		logBaseError(err, "fortify: cannot seal app:")
+	} else if err = a.Seal(loadConfig()); err != nil {
+		logBaseError(err, "cannot seal app:")
+		fmsg.Exit(1)
 	} else if err = a.Start(); err != nil {
-		logBaseError(err, "fortify: cannot start app:")
+		logBaseError(err, "cannot start app:")
-	} else if r, err = a.Wait(); err != nil {
+	}
+
+	var r int
+	// wait must be called regardless of result of start
+	if r, err = a.Wait(); err != nil {
 		if r < 1 {
 			r = 1
 		}
 		logWaitError(err)
 	}
-	if err := a.WaitErr(); err != nil {
+	if err = a.WaitErr(); err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("fortify: inner wait failed:", err)
+		fmsg.Println("inner wait failed:", err)
 	}
-	os.Exit(r)
+	fmsg.Exit(r)
 }

package.nix

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 buildGoModule rec {
   pname = "fortify";
-  version = "0.0.5";
+  version = "0.0.10";
 
   src = ./.;
   vendorHash = null;
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ buildGoModule rec {
     "-w"
     "-X"
     "main.Version=v${version}"
+    "-X"
+    "main.FortifyPath=${placeholder "out"}/bin/.fortify-wrapped"
   ];
 
   buildInputs = [
@@ -36,5 +38,7 @@ buildGoModule rec {
         xdg-dbus-proxy
       ]
     }
+
+    mv $out/bin/fsu $out/bin/.fsu
   '';
 }

state.go

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ package main
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"text/tabwriter"
 
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/fmsg"
-	"git.ophivana.moe/cat/fortify/internal/state"
+	"git.ophivana.moe/security/fortify/internal/state"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -22,15 +21,15 @@ func init() {
 func tryState() {
 	if stateActionEarly {
 		var w *tabwriter.Writer
-		state.MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal(&w, internal.GetSC().RunDirPath)
+		state.MustPrintLauncherStateSimpleGlobal(&w, os.Paths().RunDirPath)
 		if w != nil {
 			if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
-				fmt.Println("warn: error formatting output:", err)
+				fmsg.Println("cannot format output:", err)
 			}
 		} else {
 			fmt.Println("No information available")
 		}
 
-		os.Exit(0)
+		fmsg.Exit(0)
 	}
 }

version.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 )
 
 var (